ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
11£®¡¾¶¨Á¿ÊµÑéÉè¼Æ¡¿Ä³Ñо¿ÐÔѧϰС×é²éÔÄ×ÊÁÏ»ñµÃ¾§ÌåMµÄÖƱ¸ÔÀí£¬ËûÃǽøÐÐÈçÏÂ̽¾¿£º¡¾ÖƱ¸¾§Ìå¡¿
ÒÔCrCl2•4H2O¡¢¹ýÑõ»¯Çâ¡¢Òº°±¡¢ÂÈ»¯ï§¹ÌÌåΪÔÁÏ£¬ÔÚ»îÐÔÌ¿´ß»¯Ï£¬ºÏ³ÉÁ˾§ÌåM£®
£¨1£©ÈÜÒºÖзÖÀë³ö¾§ÌåMµÄ²Ù×÷°üÀ¨Õô·¢Å¨Ëõ¡¢ÀäÈ´½á¾§¡¢¹ýÂË¡¢Ï´µÓºÍ¸ÉÔËûÃÇÓñùË®ºÍ±¥ºÍʳÑÎË®µÄ»ìºÏÎïÏ´µÓ¾§ÌåM£¬ÆäÄ¿µÄÊǽµµÍ¾§ÌåÈܽâ¶È£®ÖƱ¸¹ý³ÌÖÐÐèÒª¼ÓÈÈ£¬µ«ÊÇ£¬Î¶ȹý¸ßÔì³ÉµÄºó¹ûÊǼӿìË«ÑõË®·Ö½âºÍÒº°±»Ó·¢£®
¡¾²â¶¨×é³É¡¿
ΪÁ˲ⶨM¾§Ìå×é³É£¬ËûÃÇÉè¼ÆÈçÏÂʵÑ飮װÖÃÈçͼËùʾ£¨¼ÓÈÈÒÇÆ÷ºÍ¹Ì¶¨ÒÇÆ÷Ê¡ÂÔ£©£®
Ϊȷ¶¨Æä×é³É£¬½øÐÐÈçÏÂʵÑ飺
¢Ù°±µÄ²â¶¨£º¾«È·³ÆM¾§Ì壬¼ÓÊÊÁ¿Ë®Èܽ⣬עÈëÈçͼËùʾµÄÈý¾±Æ¿ÖУ¬È»ºóÖðµÎ¼ÓÈë×ãÁ¿20% NaOHÈÜÒº£¬Í¨ÈëË®ÕôÆø£¬½«ÑùÆ·ÈÜÒºÖеݱȫ²¿Õô³ö£¬ÓÃÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄÑÎËáÈÜÒºÎüÊÕ£®Õô°±½áÊøºóȡϽÓÊÕÆ¿£¬ÓÃÒ»¶¨Å¨¶ÈµÄNaOH±ê×¼ÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨¹ýÊ£µÄHCl£¬µ½ÖÕµãʱÏûºÄÒ»¶¨Ìå»ýµÄNaOHÈÜÒº£®
¢ÚÂȵIJⶨ£º×¼È·³ÆÈ¡a gÑùÆ·MÈÜÓÚÕôÁóË®£¬Åä³É100mLÈÜÒº£®Á¿È¡25.00mLÅäÖƵÄÈÜÒºÓÃc mol•L-1AgNO3±ê×¼ÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨£¬µÎ¼Ó3µÎ0.01mol•L-1K2CrO4ÈÜÒº£¨×÷ָʾ¼Á£©£¬ÖÁ³öÏÖשºìÉ«³Áµí²»ÔÙÏûʧΪÖյ㣨Ag2CrO4ΪשºìÉ«£©£¬ÏûºÄAgNO3ÈÜҺΪb mL£®
£¨2£©°²È«¹ÜµÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇƽºâÆøѹ£®
£¨3£©ÓÃÇâÑõ»¯ÄƱê×¼ÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨¹ýÁ¿µÄÂÈ»¯Ç⣬²¿·Ö²Ù×÷²½ÖèÊǼì²éµÎ¶¨¹ÜÊÇ·ñ©Һ¡¢ÓÃÕôÁóˮϴµÓ¡¢Óñê×¼NaOHÈÜÒºÈóÏ´¡¢Åŵζ¨¹Ü¼â×ìµÄÆøÅÝ¡¢µ÷½Ú¼îʽµÎ¶¨¹ÜÄÚÒºÃæÖÁ0¿Ì¶È»ò0¿Ì¶ÈÒÔÏ¡¢µÎ¶¨¡¢¶ÁÊý¡¢¼Ç¼²¢´¦ÀíÊý¾Ý£»ÏÂÁвÙ×÷»òÇé¿ö»áʹ²â¶¨ÑùÆ·ÖÐNH3µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýÆ«¸ßµÄÊÇC£¨Ìî´úºÅ£©£®
A£®×°ÖÃÆøÃÜÐÔ²»ºÃ B£®Ó÷Ó̪×÷ָʾ¼Á
C£®µÎ¶¨ÖÕµãʱ¸©ÊÓ¶ÁÊý D£®µÎ¶¨Ê±NaOHÈÜÒºÍ⽦
£¨4£©ÒÑÖª£ºÏõËáÒøÈÈÎȶ¨ÐԲKsp£¨Ag2CrO4£©=1.12¡Á10-12£¬Ksp£¨AgCl£©=1.8¡Á10-10
Ñ¡Ôñ×ØÉ«µÎ¶¨¹ÜÊ¢×°±ê׼Ũ¶ÈµÄÏõËáÒøÈÜÒº£¬µÎ¶¨ÖÕµãʱ£¬ÈôÈÜÒºÖÐ
c£¨CrO42-£©Îª2.8¡Á10-3mol•L-1£¬Ôòc£¨Ag+£©=2.0¡Á10-5mol•L-1£®
£¨5£©¸ù¾ÝÉÏÊöʵÑéÊý¾Ý£¬ÁгöÑùÆ·MÖÐÂÈÔªËØÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý¼ÆËãʽ$\frac{cmol/L¡Á\frac{b}{1000}L¡Á35.5g/mol}{ag¡Á\frac{25.00mL}{100mL}}¡Á100%$£®Èç¹ûµÎ¼ÓK2CrO4ÈÜÒº¹ý¶à£¬²âµÃ½á¹û»áÆ«µÍ£¨Ìƫ¸ß¡¢Æ«µÍ»òÎÞÓ°Ï죩£®
£¨6£©¾²â¶¨£¬¾§ÌåMÖиõ¡¢°±ºÍÂȵÄÖÊÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ104£º136£º213£®Ð´³öÖƱ¸M¾§ÌåµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ2CrCl2+H2O2+6NH3+2NH4Cl$\frac{\underline{\;\;¡÷\;\;}}{\;}$2Cr£¨NH3£©4Cl3+2H2O£®
·ÖÎö ¡¾ÖƱ¸¾§Ìå¡¿
£¨1£©±ù±¥ºÍʳÑÎˮζȵͣ¬¹ÌÌåÈܽâ¶ÈС£¬Óñù±¥ºÍʳÑÎˮϴµÓ¾§Ì壬¼õС¾§ÌåÈܽ⣬˫ÑõË®ÊÜÈÈÒ׷ֽ⣬Һ°±Ò×»Ó·¢£»
¡¾²â¶¨×é³É¡¿
£¨2£©°²È«¹ÜµÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇƽºâÆøѹ£¬Ê¹ÉÕÆ¿ÄÚÍâѹǿƽºâ£»
£¨3£©ÓÃÇâÑõ»¯ÄƱê×¼ÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨¹ýÁ¿µÄÂÈ»¯Ç⣬¼îʽµÎ¶¨¹ÜÐèÓñê×¼ÒºÈóÏ´£¬µÎ¶¨¹Ü0¿Ì¶ÈÔڵζ¨¹ÜµÄÉÏ·½£»A£®×°ÖÃÆøÃÜÐÔ²»ºÃ£¬²¿·Ö°±ÆøÒݳö£» B£®Ç¿ËáÇ¿¼îµÎ¶¨£¬Ó÷Ó̪×÷ָʾ¼ÁÎÞÓ°Ï죻C£®µÎ¶¨ÖÕµãʱ¸©ÊÓ¶ÁÊý£¬¶ÁÊýСÓÚʵ¼ÊÌå»ý£» D£®µÎ¶¨Ê±NaOHÈÜÒºÍ⽦£¬±ê×¼ÒºNaOHÈÜÒº¼ÆËãÌå»ýÆ«´ó£¬µ¼Ö²âµÃÊ£ÓàÑÎËáÌå»ýÆ«´ó£»
£¨4£©ÏõËáÒøÒ׷ֽ⣬ÀàËÆŨÏõËᣬÏõËáÒøÔÚ¹âÕÕµÄÌõ¼þÏÂÒ׷ֽ⣬Éú³ÉÒø¡¢¶þÑõ»¯µªºÍÑõÆø£¬¸ù¾ÝKsp£¨Ag2CrO4£©=c2£¨Ag+£©•c£¨CrO42-£©¼ÆË㣻
£¨5£©¸ù¾ÝAg++Cl-=AgCl£¨s£©£¬ÑùÆ·MÖÐÂÈÔªËØÖÊÁ¿µÈÓÚÂÈÀë×ÓµÄÖÊÁ¿£¬¾Ý´Ë¼ÆËãÑùÆ·MÖÐÂÈÔªËØÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£»¸ù¾Ý¸õËáÒø¡¢ÂÈ»¯ÒøµÄÈܶȻýÖª£¬¸õËáÒøµÄÈܽâ¶È±ÈÂÈ»¯ÒøÉÔ´óһЩ£®Èç¹ûµÎ¼Ó¸õËá¼ØÈÜÒº¹ý¶à£¬»áÌáÇ°Éú³É¸õËáÒø£¬¼´ÂÈÀë×ÓûÓÐÍêȫת»¯³ÉÂÈ»¯Òø£¬µ¼ÖÂÌáǰָʾÖյ㣬²âµÃÂÈÔªËØÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýÆ«µÍ£»
£¨6£©¾§ÌåMÖиõ¡¢°±ºÍÂȵÄÖÊÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ104£º136£º213£®¼ÆËã³öÈýÖÖÔªËصÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±È£¬Çó³öMµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½£¬¸ù¾Ý»¯Ñ§Ê½Êéд·½³Ìʽ£®
½â´ð ½â£º¡¾ÖƱ¸¾§Ìå¡¿
£¨1£©¾§ÌåÎö³öºó¹ýÂ˵õ½¾§Ì壬Óñù±¥ºÍʳÑÎˮϴµÓ¾§Ì壬ĿµÄÊǼõÉÙ¾§ÌåMÈܽâÁ¿£¬Ë«ÑõË®ÊÜÈÈÒ×·Ö½â2H2O2$\frac{\underline{\;\;¡÷\;\;}}{\;}$2H2O+O2¡ü£¬Òº°±Ò×»Ó·¢£¬¼ÓÈÈζȹý¸ß£¬µ¼Ö·´Ó¦ÎïËðʧ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º½µµÍ¾§ÌåÈܽâ¶È£»¼Ó¿ìË«ÑõË®·Ö½âºÍÒº°±»Ó·¢£»
¡¾²â¶¨×é³É¡¿
£¨2£©A×°ÖÃÓÃÓÚÌṩˮÕôÆû£¬ÐèÒª¼ÓÈÈ£®µ¼¹ÜÆðƽºâÆøѹ×÷Ó㬹ʴð°¸Îª£ºÆ½ºâÆøѹ£»
£¨3£©µÎ¶¨¹Ü¾¼ì©֮ºó£¬Óñê×¼ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÈóÏ´¡¢µÎ¶¨¹Ü0¿Ì¶ÈÔÚÉÏ·½£¬Ðèµ÷½ÚÒºÃæÖÁ0¿Ì¶È¼°0¿Ì¶ÈÒÔϲſɶÁÊý£¬
A£®×°ÖéÆø£¬²¿·Ö°±ÆøÀ©É¢ÁË£¬²â¶¨µÄNH3ÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýÆ«µÍ£¬¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B£®Ç¿¼îµÎ¶¨Ç¿Ëá¿ÉÒÔÑ¡Ôñ¼×»ù³È×÷»ò·Ó̪×÷ָʾ¼Á£¬²»»áµ¼ÖÂÎó²î£¬¹ÊB´íÎó£»
C£®µÎ¶¨ÖÕµãʱ¸©ÊÓ¶ÁÊý£¬¶ÁÊýСÓÚʵ¼ÊÌå»ý£¬²â¶¨ÏûºÄÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÌå»ýƫС£¬NH3ÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýÆ«¸ß£¬¹ÊCÕýÈ·£»
D£®µÎ¶¨ÒºÍ⽦£¬µ¼Ö²âµÃÊ£ÓàÑÎËáÌå»ýÆ«´ó£¬NH3ÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýƫС£¬¹ÊD´íÎó£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÓñê×¼NaOHÈÜÒºÈóÏ´£»µ÷½Ú¼îʽµÎ¶¨¹ÜÄÚÒºÃæÖÁ0¿Ì¶È»ò0¿Ì¶ÈÒÔÏ£»C£»
£¨4£©ÏõËáÒøºÜ²»Îȶ¨£¬ÔÚ¹âÕÕµÄÌõ¼þÏÂÒ׷ֽ⣺2AgNO3$\frac{\underline{\;¹âÕÕ\;}}{\;}$2NO2¡ü+O2¡ü+2Ag£¬Ó¦Ñ¡Ôñ×ØÉ«µÎ¶¨¹ÜÊ¢×°ÏõËáÒøÈÜÒº£¬Ksp£¨Ag2CrO4£©=c2£¨Ag+£©•c£¨CrO42-£©£¬c£¨Ag+£©=$\sqrt{\frac{{K}_{sp}£¨A{g}_{2}Cr{O}_{4}£©}{C£¨Cr{{O}_{4}}^{2-}£©}}$=$\sqrt{\frac{1.12¡Á1{0}^{-12}}{2.8¡Á1{0}^{-3}}}$mol•L-1=2.0¡Á10-5mol•L-1£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2.0¡Á10-5mol•L-1£»
£¨5£©Ag++Cl-=AgCl£¨s£©£¬¦Ø£¨Cl£©=$\frac{cmol/L¡Á\frac{b}{1000}L¡Á35.5g/mol}{ag¡Á\frac{25.00mL}{100mL}}¡Á100%$£¬¸õËáÒøKsp£¨Ag2CrO4£©=1.12¡Á10-12£¬ÂÈ»¯ÒøKsp£¨AgCl£©=1.8¡Á10-10£¬¸õËáÒøµÄÈܽâ¶È±ÈÂÈ»¯ÒøÉÔ´óһЩ£®Èç¹ûµÎ¼Ó¸õËá¼ØÈÜÒº¹ý¶à£¬»áÌáÇ°Éú³É¸õËáÒø£¬¼´ÂÈÀë×ÓûÓÐÍêȫת»¯³ÉÂÈ»¯Òø£¬µ¼ÖÂÌáǰָʾÖյ㣬²âµÃÂÈÔªËØÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýÆ«µÍ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º$\frac{cmol/L¡Á\frac{b}{1000}L¡Á35.5g/mol}{ag¡Á\frac{25.00mL}{100mL}}¡Á100%$£»Æ«µÍ£»
£¨6£©n£¨Cr£©£ºn£¨NH3£©£ºn£¨Cl£©=$\frac{104}{52}$£º$\frac{136}{17}$£º$\frac{213}{35.5}$=1£º4£º3£¬MµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÎªCr£¨NH3£©4Cl3£®MÖиõÔªËØ»¯ºÏ¼ÛΪ+3£¬»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ2CrCl2+H2O2+6NH3+2NH4Cl$\frac{\underline{\;\;¡÷\;\;}}{\;}$ 2Cr£¨NH3£©4Cl3+2H2O£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2CrCl2+H2O2+6NH3+2NH4Cl$\frac{\underline{\;\;¡÷\;\;}}{\;}$2Cr£¨NH3£©4Cl3+2H2O£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁ˶¨Á¿ÊµÑé·½°¸µÄÉè¼Æ£¬¿¼²éÁËÎïÖʵÄÖƱ¸ÊµÑé²Ù×÷¡¢×é³ÉµÄ²â¶¨¡¢³ÁµíÈܽâƽºâµÈ£¬Ã÷ȷÿһ¹ý³Ì·¢ÉúµÄ·´Ó¦ÊǽⱾÌâ¹Ø¼ü£¬²àÖØÓÚ»ù´¡ÖªÊ¶µÄ×ÛºÏÓ¦ÓõĿ¼²é£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
A£® | Na2SiO3 | B£® | BaCl2 | C£® | AgNO3 | D£® | NaAlO2 |
A£® | ³£Î³£Ñ¹Ï£¬17g¼×»ù£¨-14CH3£©Ëùº¬µÄÖÐ×ÓÊýΪ9NA | |
B£® | 1 L 0.2 mol•L-1ÁòËáÌúÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓеÄSO42-ÊýΪ0.2NA | |
C£® | 0.1mol N2Óë×ãÁ¿µÄH2·´Ó¦£¬×ªÒƵĵç×ÓÊýΪ0.6NA | |
D£® | ÓöèÐԵ缫µç½â1L0.1mol•L-1 CuCl2ÈÜÒº£¬µ±ÓÐ0.2NA¸öµç×Óͨ¹ýʱ£¬¿ÉÉú³É6.4gÍ |
A£® | Ï´ÆøÆ¿ÖвúÉúµÄ³ÁµíÊÇ̼Ëá±µ | B£® | ÔÚZµ¼¹Ü³öÀ´µÄÆøÌåÖÐÎÞ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ | ||
C£® | Ï´ÆøÆ¿ÖвúÉúµÄ³ÁµíÊÇÁòËá±µ | D£® | ÔÚZµ¼¹Ü¿ÚÓкì×ØÉ«ÆøÌå³öÏÖ |
A£® | HO-CH2CH2-COOH | B£® | HOOC-COOH | C£® | HO-CH2CH2-OH | D£® | CH2-COOH |
A£® | Ö±ÏßÐÎ | B£® | ÕýËÄÃæÌåÐÎ | C£® | ¾â³ÝÐÎ | D£® | ÓÐÖ§Á´µÄÖ±ÏßÐÎ |