ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
7£®»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦³£³£°éËæ×ÅÄÜÁ¿±ä»¯£®£¨1£©ÔÚ25¡æ¡¢101kPaÏ£¬1gҺ̬¼×´¼£¨CH3OH£©È¼ÉÕÉú³ÉCO2ºÍҺ̬ˮʱ·ÅÈÈ22.68kJ£®Ôò±íʾ¼×´¼È¼ÉÕÈȵÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪCH3OH£¨l£©+$\frac{3}{2}$O2£¨g£©¨TCO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-725.8 kJ•mol-1£®
£¨2£©ÒÑÖª¶Ï¿ª1mol H-H¼ü£¬1mol N-H¼ü£¬1mol N¡ÔN¼ü·Ö±ðÐèÒªµÄÄÜÁ¿ÊÇ436kJ¡¢391kJ¡¢946kJ£¬ÔòN2ÓëH2·´Ó¦Éú³ÉNH3µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪN2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©?2NH3£¨g£©¡÷H=-92kJ•mol-1
£¨3£©ÔÚ298KÏ£¬C¡¢AlµÄµ¥Öʸ÷1molÍêȫȼÉÕ£¬·Ö±ð·Å³öÈÈÁ¿a kJºÍb kJ£®ÓÖÖªÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ£¬AlÄܽ«C´ÓCO2Öû»³öÀ´£¬Ð´³ö´ËÖû»·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£º4Al£¨s£©+3CO2£¨g£©¨T2Al2O3£¨s£©+3C£¨s£©¡÷H=-£¨4b-3a£©kJ/mol£®
£¨4£©0.1molµÄÆø̬¸ßÄÜȼÁÏÒÒÅðÍ飨B2H6£©ÔÚO2ÖÐȼÉÕ£¬Éú³É¹Ì̬B2O3ºÍҺ̬ˮ£¬·Å³ö216.5kJµÄÈÈÁ¿£¬ÆäÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪB2H6£¨g£©+3O2£¨g£©¨TB2O3£¨s£©+3H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-2165kJ/mol£®ÓÖÖª£ºH2O£¨l£©=H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=+44kJ•mol-1£¬Ôò11.2L £¨±ê×¼×´¿öÏ£©B2H6ÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉÆø̬ˮʱ·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿ÊÇ1016.5kJ£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©È¼ÉÕÈÈÊÇ1mol¿ÉȼÎïÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉÎȶ¨Ñõ»¯Îïʱ·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿£»ÔÚ25¡æ¡¢101kPaÏ£¬1g¼×´¼£¨CH3OH£©È¼ÉÕÉú³ÉCO2ºÍҺ̬ˮʱ·ÅÈÈ22.68kJ£¬1mol¼×´¼ÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ºÍҺ̬ˮ·ÅÈÈ725.8KJ£»
£¨2£©»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ÖУ¬»¯Ñ§¼ü¶ÏÁÑÎüÊÕÄÜÁ¿£¬ÐγÉл¯Ñ§¼ü·Å³öÄÜÁ¿£¬¸ù¾Ý·½³Ìʽ¼ÆËã·Ö±ðÎüÊպͷųöµÄÄÜÁ¿£¬ÒԴ˼ÆËã·´Ó¦ÈȲ¢ÅжÏÎüÈÈ»¹ÊÇ·ÅÈÈ£»
£¨3£©ÒÀ¾ÝÔÚ298KÏ£¬C¡¢AlµÄµ¥Öʸ÷1molÍêȫȼÉÕ£¬·Ö±ð·Å³öÈÈÁ¿aKJºÍbKJºÍ¸Ç˹¶¨ÂɼÆËãµÃµ½ËùÐèÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£»
£¨4£©0.3molÆø̬¸ßÄÜȼÁÏÒÒÅðÍéÔÚÑõÆøÖÐȼÉÕ£¬Éú³É¹Ì̬ÈýÑõ»¯¶þÅðºÍҺ̬ˮ£¬·Å³ö649.5KJµÄÈÈÁ¿£¬Ôò1molÆø̬¸ßÄÜȼÁÏÒÒÅðÍéÔÚÑõÆøÖÐȼÉÕ£¬Éú³É¹Ì̬ÈýÑõ»¯¶þÅðºÍҺ̬ˮ£¬·Å³ö2165KJµÄÈÈÁ¿£¬¸ù¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉд³öÆäÈÈ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦·½³Ìʽ£¬ºó¸ù¾ÝÎïÖʵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Óë·´Ó¦·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿³ÉÕý±ÈÀ´½â´ð£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©ÔÚ25¡æ¡¢101kPaÏ£¬1g¼×´¼£¨CH3OH£©È¼ÉÕÉú³ÉCO2ºÍҺ̬ˮʱ·ÅÈÈ22.68kJ£¬1mol¼×´¼ÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ºÍҺ̬ˮ·ÅÈÈΪ22.68kJ¡Á32=725.8KJ£¬ËùÒÔ¼×´¼È¼ÉÕÈȵÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪCH3OH£¨l£©+$\frac{3}{2}$O2£¨g£©¨TCO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-725.8 kJ•mol-1£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCH3OH£¨l£©+$\frac{3}{2}$O2£¨g£©¨TCO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-725.8 kJ•mol-1£»
£¨2£©ÔÚ·´Ó¦N2+3H2?2NH3ÖУ¬¶ÏÁÑ3molH-H¼ü£¬1molNÈýN¼ü¹²ÎüÊÕµÄÄÜÁ¿Îª3¡Á436kJ+946kJ=2254kJ£¬Éú³É2molNH3£¬¹²ÐγÉ6molN-H¼ü£¬·Å³öµÄÄÜÁ¿Îª6¡Á391kJ=2346kJ£¬ÎüÊÕµÄÄÜÁ¿ÉÙ£¬·Å³öµÄÄÜÁ¿¶à£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦Îª·ÅÈÈ·´Ó¦£¬·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿Îª2346kJ-2254kJ=92kJ£¬N2ÓëH2·´Ó¦Éú³ÉNH3µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£¬N2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©?2NH3£¨g£©¡÷H=-92kJ•mol-1£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºN2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©?2NH3£¨g£©¡÷H=-92kJ•mol-1£»
£¨3£©ÓÉÌâÒâ¿Éд³öÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£º
¢ÙC£¨s£©+O2£¨g£©¨TCO2£¨g£©¡÷H=-a kJ•mol-1£¬
¢Ú4Al£¨s£©+3O2£¨g£©¨T2Al2O3£¨s£©¡÷H=-4b kJ•mol-1£®
¸ßÎÂÏÂÂÁÖû»Ì¼µÄ·´Ó¦Îª£º4Al+3CO2$\frac{\underline{\;¸ßÎÂ\;}}{\;}$2Al2O3+3C£¬
¸ù¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉ£º¢Ú-¢Ù¡Á3¿ÉµÃ£¬4Al£¨s£©+3CO2 £¨g£©¨T2Al2 O3 £¨s£©+3C£¨s£©¡÷H=-£¨4b-3a£©kJ/mol£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4Al£¨s£©+3CO2 £¨g£©¨T2Al2 O3 £¨s£©+3C£¨s£©¡÷H=-£¨4b-3a£©kJ/mol£»
£¨4£©0.1molÆø̬¸ßÄÜȼÁÏÒÒÅðÍéÔÚÑõÆøÖÐȼÉÕ£¬Éú³É¹Ì̬ÈýÑõ»¯¶þÅðºÍҺ̬ˮ£¬·Å³ö216.5KJµÄÈÈÁ¿£¬Ôò1molÆø̬¸ßÄÜȼÁÏÒÒÅðÍéÔÚÑõÆøÖÐȼÉÕ£¬Éú³É¹Ì̬ÈýÑõ»¯¶þÅðºÍҺ̬ˮ£¬·Å³ö2165KJµÄÈÈÁ¿£¬·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£ºB2H6£¨g£©+3O2£¨g£©¨TB2O3£¨s£©+3H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-2165kJ/mol£¬
¢ÙB2H6£¨g£©+3O2£¨g£©¨TB2O3£¨s£©+3H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-2165kJ/mol£¬
¢ÚH2O£¨l£©¡úH2O£¨g£©£»¡÷H=+44kJ/moL£¬
ÓɸÇ˹¶¨ÂÉ¿ÉÖª¢Ù+¢Ú¡Á3µÃ£ºB2H6£¨g£©+3O2£¨g£©¨TB2O3£¨s£©+3H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-2033kJ/mol£¬
11.2L£¨±ê×¼×´¿ö£©¼´0.5molÒÒÅðÍéÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉÆø̬ˮʱ·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿ÊÇ2033kJ/mol¡Á0.5mol=1016.5kJ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºB2H6£¨g£©+3O2£¨g£©¨TB2O3£¨s£©+3H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-2165kJ/mol£»1016.5£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éȼÉÕÈȵÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽµÄÊéд¡¢ìʱäÇóË㣬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶȲ»´ó£¬×¢Òâ±íʾÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽµÄÊéдҪעÃ÷ÎïÖʾۼ¯×´Ì¬ºÍ·´Ó¦ÈȵÄÕý¸ººÅÎÊÌ⣮
A£® | ³£ÎÂÏÂÔÚË®ÖÐÈܽâÐÔ±ÈKHCO3£¾K2CO3 | |
B£® | ÈÈÎȶ¨ÐÔK2CO3£¼KHCO3 | |
C£® | ºÍËá·´Ó¦·Å³öCO2µÄ¿ìÂýKHCO3£¾K2CO3 | |
D£® | µÈÁ¿µÄÑÎËá·Ö±ðÓë×ãÁ¿KHCO3ºÍK2CO3·´Ó¦£¬²úÉúCO2Ò»Ñù¶à |
A£® | CH4£¨g£©+2O2£¨g£©¨TCO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=55.65kJ/mol | |
B£® | CH4£¨g£©+2O2£¨g£©¨TCO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-55.65kJ/mol | |
C£® | CH4£¨g£©+2O2£¨g£©¨TCO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-890.4kJ/mol | |
D£® | CH4£¨g£©+2O2¨TCO2+2H2O¡÷H=890.4kJ/mol |
¢ÙCO£¨g£©+2H2£¨g£©?CH3OH£¨g£©¡÷H1
¢ÚCO2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©?CH3OH£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©¡÷H2
¢ÛCO2£¨g£©+H2£¨g£©?CO£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©¡÷H3
»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©ÒÑÖª·´Ó¦¢ÙÖеÄÏà¹ØµÄ»¯Ñ§¼ü¼üÄÜÊý¾ÝÈçÏ£º£¨ÆäÖÐCOÖеÄ̼Ñõ¼üΪC$\frac{\underline{\;¡û\;}}{\;}$O£©
»¯Ñ§¼ü | H-H | C-O | C$\frac{\underline{\;¡û\;}}{\;}$O | H-O | C-H |
E/£¨kJ£®mol-1£© | 436 | 343 | 1076 | 465 | 413 |
£¨2£©ÔÚ25¡æ¡¢101KPaÏ£¬Ã¿³ä·ÖȼÉÕ1g CH3OH²¢»Ö¸´µ½Ô״̬£¬»áÊÍ·Å22.68KJµÄÈÈÁ¿£®Çëд³ö±íʾ¼×´¼È¼ÉÕÈȵÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦·½³Ìʽ£ºCH3OH£¨l£©+$\frac{3}{2}$O2£¨g£©=CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-725.76kJ•mol-1£®
£¨3£©ÀûÓÃCO2ÓëH2·´Ó¦»¹¿ÉºÏ³É¶þ¼×ÃÑ£¨CH3OCH3£©£®ÒÔKOHΪµç½âÖÊÈÜÒº£¬×é³É¶þ¼×ÃÑ¿ÕÆøȼÁϵç³Ø£¬¸Ãµç³Ø¹¤×÷ʱÆ为¼«·´Ó¦Ê½ÊÇCH3OCH3-12e-+16OH-=2CO32-+11H2O£®
£¨4£©³£ÎÂÏ£¬Óöþ¼×ÃÑȼÁϵç³Øµç½â600mL NaClÈÜÒº£¬ÈôÏûºÄ¶þ¼×ÃÑ0.23g£¬Á½¼«¹²²úÉúÆøÌå1.344L£¨±ê×¼×´¿ö£©£¬ÈÜÒºµÄpH=13£®
£¨5£©ÈôÓöþ¼×ÃÑȼÁϵç³Øµç½âCOÖƱ¸CH4ºÍW£¬¹¤×÷ÔÀíÈçͼËùʾ£¬Éú³ÉÎïWNaHCO3ÊÇ£¬Æäµç½â×ÜÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽÊÇ4CO+3CO32-+5H2O=6HCO3-+CH4¡ü£®
A£® | CO2µÄË®ÈÜÒº¿ÉÒÔµ¼µç£¬CO2Êǵç½âÖÊ | |
B£® | ÁòËá±µÄÑÈÜÓÚË®£¬µ«È´Êǵç½âÖÊ | |
C£® | ÂÈ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÔÚµçÁ÷µÄ×÷ÓÃϵçÀë³ÉÄÆÀë×ÓºÍÂÈÀë×Ó | |
D£® | ÈÜÓÚË®ºóÄܵçÀë³öÇâÀë×ӵĻ¯ºÏÎﶼÊÇËá |
A£® | µçÀë | B£® | Ë®½â | C£® | ÑÎÎö | D£® | µ°°×ÖʵıäÐÔ |