ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ

17£®ÀûÓ÷´Ó¦CO£¨g£©+H2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©?H2O£¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©Éè¼Æ¶ø³ÉµÄMCFSȼÁϵç³ØÊÇÒ»ÖÖÐÂÐ͵ç³Ø£®ÏÖÒÔ¸ÃȼÁϵç³ØΪµçÔ´£¬ÒÔʯī×÷µç¼«µç½â±¥ºÍNaClÈÜÒº£¬·´Ó¦×°Öü°ÏÖÏóÈçͼËùʾ£®Ôò¢ÙMÓ¦ÊǵçÔ´µÄ¸º¼«£¨Ìî¡°Õý¡±»ò¡°¸º¡±£©£»¢Ú¸Ãµç½â·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÊÇ2NaCl+2H2O$\frac{\underline{\;µç½â\;}}{\;}$2NaOH+H2¡ü+Cl2¡ü£»¢ÛÒÑÖª±¥ºÍʳÑÎË®µÄÌå»ýΪ1L£¬Ò»¶Îʱ¼äºó£¬²âµÃ×ó²àÊÔ¹ÜÖÐÆøÌåÌå»ýΪ11.2mL£¨±ê×¼×´¿ö£©£¬Èôµç½âÇ°ºóÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ý±ä»¯ºöÂÔ²»¼Æ£¬µç½âºó½«ÈÜÒº»ìºÏ¾ùÔÈ£¬´ËʱÈÜÒºµÄpHΪ11£®

·ÖÎö ÓöèÐԵ缫µç½â±¥ºÍʳÑÎË®Ñô¼«ÂÈÀë×Óʧµç×Ó·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÂÈÆø£¬Òõ¼«ÇâÀë×ӵõ½µç×Ó·¢Éú»¹Ô­·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÇâÆø£»ÈÜÒºÖÐË®µÄµçÀë±»´Ù½øÉú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ£»µç½âNaCl½áÊøºó£¬ÔÙµç½âË®2H2O$\frac{\underline{\;ͨµç\;}}{\;}$2H2¡ü+O2¡ü£»ÓöèÐԵ缫µç½â±¥ºÍʳÑÎˮʱ£¬Ñô¼«ÉÏÂÈÀë×ӷŵ磬Òõ¼«ÉÏÇâÀë×ӷŵ磻¸ù¾ÝÂÈÆøºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵĹØϵʽ¼ÆËãÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È£¬´Ó¶øµÃ³öÈÜÒºµÄpH£®

½â´ð ½â£ºÓöèÐԵ缫µç½â±¥ºÍʳÑÎË®£¬Ñô¼«ÂÈÀë×Óʧµç×Ó·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÂÈÆø£¬Òõ¼«ÇâÀë×ӵõ½µç×Ó·¢Éú»¹Ô­·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÇâÆø£»ÈÜÒºÖÐË®µÄµçÀë±»´Ù½øÉú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ£»µç½âNaCl½áÊøºó£¬ÔÙµç½âË®2H2O$\frac{\underline{\;ͨµç\;}}{\;}$2H2¡ü+O2¡ü£¬¸ù¾Ýͼʾ1·´Ó¦×°Öü°ÏÖÏó¿ÉÖªM¼«Á¬½ÓµÄÊÔ¹ÜÉú³ÉµÄÆøÌå¶à£¬Ó¦ÊǵçÔ´µÄ¸º¼«£¬
ÓöèÐԵ缫µç½â±¥ºÍʳÑÎˮʱ£¬Ñô¼«ÉÏÂÈÀë×ӷŵ磬Òõ¼«ÉÏÇâÀë×ӷŵ磬ͬʱÈÜÒºÖл¹Éú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ£¬ËùÒÔµç³Ø·´Ó¦Ê½Îª2NaCl+2H2O $\frac{\underline{\;µç½â\;}}{\;}$2NaOH+H2¡ü+Cl2¡ü£¬
²âµÃ×ó²àÊÔ¹ÜÖÐÆøÌåÌå»ýΪ11.2mLΪÇâÆø£¬ÉèÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈÊÇxmol/L£¬
2NaCl+2H2O $\frac{\underline{\;µç½â\;}}{\;}$2NaOH+H2¡ü+Cl2¡ü£¬×ªÒƵĵç×Ó       Éú³ÉµÄÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ
                      22.4L         2mol             2mol
                     0.0112L        xmol             Xmol
x=$\frac{2mol¡Á0.0112L}{22.4L}$=0.001mol£¬ÒÑÖª±¥ºÍʳÑÎË®µÄÌå»ýΪ1L£¬µç½âÇ°ºóÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ý±ä»¯ºöÂÔ²»¼Æ£¬ÔòC£¨H+£©=$\frac{K{\;}_{W}}{C£¨OH{\;}^{-}£©}$=$\frac{10{\;}^{-14}}{10{\;}^{-3}}$mol/L=10-11mol/L£¬PH=-lgc£¨H+£©=11£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¸º£»2NaCl+2H2O $\frac{\underline{\;µç½â\;}}{\;}$2NaOH+H2¡ü+Cl2¡ü£» 11£®

µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éµç½â³ØÔ­Àí¡¢ÈÜÒºµÄpH¼ÆËãµÈ֪ʶ£¬ÕýÈ·ÍƶÏÔ­µç³ØÕý¸º¼«ÊǽⱾÌâµÄ¹Ø¼ü£¬ÄѵãÊǼÆËãÈÜÒºµÄpH£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®

Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿
5£®º£ÑóÊǾ޴óµÄ×ÊÔ´±¦¿â£¬¾ßÓзdz£¹ãÀ«µÄ¿ª·¢Ç°¾°£®
¢ñ£®´Óº£Ë®ÖÐÌáȡʳÑκÍäåµÄ¹ý³ÌÈçÏ£º

£¨1£©ÇëÁоٺ£Ë®µ­»¯µÄÈýÖÖ·½·¨£ºÕôÁ󷨡¢µçÉøÎö·¨¡¢Àë×Ó½»»»·¨£®
£¨2£©ÓÃÓÚµç½âµÄʳÑÎË®ÐèÏȳýÈ¥ÆäÖеÄCa2+¡¢Mg2+¡¢SO42-µÈÔÓÖÊ£®Ä³´Î³ýÔÓ²Ù×÷ʱ£¬Íù´ÖÑÎË®ÖÐÏȼÓÈë¹ýÁ¿µÄBaCl2£¨Ìѧʽ£©£¬ÖÁ³Áµí²»ÔÙ²úÉúºó£¬¼ÌÐø¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿µÄNa2CO3ºÍNaOH£¬³ä·Ö·´Ó¦ºó½«³ÁµíÒ»²¢ÂËÈ¥£®¾­¼ì²â·¢ÏÖÂËÒºÖÐÈÔº¬ÓÐÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄSO42-£¬ÒÑÖªKsp£¨BaSO4£©=1.1¡Á10-10¡¢Ksp£¨BaCO3£©=5.1¡Á10-9£¬Çë·ÖÎöÂËÒºÖÐÈÔº¬ÓÐSO42-µÄÔ­ÒòÊÇ£ºBaSO4ºÍBaCO3µÄKspÏà²î²»´ó£¬µ±ÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚ´óÁ¿CO32-ʱ£¬BaSO4£¨s£©»á²¿·Öת»¯ÎªBaCO3£¨s£©£®½«Ìá´¿ºóµÄNaClÈÜÒº½øÐеç½â£¬ÔÚµç½â²ÛÖпÉÖ±½ÓµÃµ½µÄ²úÆ·ÓÐH2¡¢Cl2¡¢NaOH»òH2¡¢NaClO£®
£¨3£©²½Öè¢ñÖÐÒÑ»ñµÃBr2£¬²½Öè¢òÖÐÓÖ½«Br2»¹Ô­ÎªBr-£¬ÆäÄ¿µÄΪ¸»¼¯äåÔªËØ£®
£¨4£©²½Öè¢òÓÃSO2Ë®ÈÜÒºÎüÊÕBr2£¬ÎüÊÕÂÊ¿É´ï95%£¬Óйط´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£º
Br2+SO2+2H2O¨T4H++SO42-+2Br-£¬ÓÉ´Ë·´Ó¦¿ÉÖª£¬³ý»·¾³±£»¤Í⣬ÔÚ¹¤ÒµÉú²úÖÐÓ¦½â¾öµÄÖ÷ÒªÎÊÌâÊÇÇ¿Ëá¶ÔÉ豸µÄÑÏÖظ¯Ê´£®
¢ò£®°´ÒÔÏÂʵÑé·½°¸¿É´Óº£Ñó¶¯Îï±þº£ÇÊÖÐÌáÈ¡¾ßÓп¹Ö×Áö»îÐÔµÄÌìÈ»²úÎ

£¨5£©ÏÂÁÐÐðÊöÕýÈ·µÄÊÇa¡¢b¡¢d£¨ÌîÐòºÅ£©£®
a£®²½Öè¢ÙÐèÒª¹ýÂË×°Öà       b£®²½Öè¢ÚÐèÒªÓõ½·ÖҺ©¶·
c£®²½Öè¢ÛÐèÒªÓõ½ÛáÛö        d£®²½Öè¢ÜÐèÒªÕôÁó×°ÖÃ
¢ó£®º£Ë®µ­»¯ºóÊ£ÓàµÄŨº£Ë®¾­¹ýһϵÁй¤ÒÕÁ÷³Ì¿ÉÒÔ»ñÈ¡ÆäËû²úÆ·£¬ÈçMg£¨OH£©2µÈ£®Å¨º£Ë®µÄÖ÷Òª³É·ÖÈçÏ£º
Àë×ÓNa+Mg2+Cl-SO42-
Ũ¶È/£¨g•L-1£©63.728.8144.646.4
£¨6£©ÀíÂÛÉÏ£¬1LŨº£Ë®×î¶à¿ÉµÃµ½Mg£¨OH£©2µÄÖÊÁ¿Îª69.6 g£®
2£®¹¤ÒµÉϺϳÉÄòËصķ´Ó¦£º
2NH3£¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©?CO£¨NH2£©2£¨I£©+H2O£¨I£©¡÷H£¨I£©
£¨1£©ÒÑÖªºÏ³ÉÄòËصķ´Ó¦·ÖÁ½²½½øÐУº
2NH3£¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©?NH2COONH4£¨s£©¡÷H1
NH2COONH4£¨s£©?CO£¨NH2£©2£¨I£©+H2O£¨I£©¡÷H2
ÆäÄÜÁ¿±ä»¯ÇúÏßÈçͼ1Ëùʾ£¬Ôò¡÷H¡¢¡÷H1ºÍ¡÷H2ÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòΪ¡÷H2£¾¡÷H£¾¡÷H1£®
£¨2£©ÔÚÒ»¸öÕæ¿ÕºãÈÝÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖгäÈëCO2ºÍNH3·¢Éú·´Ó¦£¨I£©ºÏ³ÉÄòËØ£¬ºã¶¨Î¶ÈÏ»ìºÏÆøÌåÖÐNH3µÄÌå»ý·ÖÊýÈçͼ2Ëùʾ£®
AµãµÄÕý·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊvÕý£¨CO2£©£¾BµãµÄÄæ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊvÄ棨CO2£©£¨Ìî¡°£¾¡±¡¢¡°£¼¡±»ò¡°=¡±£©£»CO2µÄƽºâת»¯ÂÊΪ75%£®
£¨3£©½«Ò»¶¨Á¿µÄ°±»ù¼×Ëá粒ÌÌåÖÃÓÚºãÈÝÕæ¿ÕÈÝÆ÷ÖУ¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦£ºH2NCOONH4£¨s£©?2NH3£¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©£®ÔÚ²»Í¬Î¶ȣ¨T1ºÍT2£©Ï£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦´ïƽºâ״̬ʱ²¿·ÖÊý¾Ý¼ûÏÂ±í£®
 Î¶ȠƽºâŨ¶È/£¨mol•L-1£©
 c£¨NH3£© c£¨CO2£©
 T1 0.1 
 T2  0.1
¢ÙT1£¼ T2 £¨Ìî¡°£¾¡±¡¢¡°£¼¡±»ò¡°=¡±£©£®
¢ÚÏÂÁÐÄÜ˵Ã÷¸Ã·Ö½â·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬µÄÊÇac£¨Ìî´úºÅ£©£®
a£®vÉú³É£¨NH3£©=2vÏûºÄ£¨CO2£©
b£®ÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÄÚÎïÖʵÄ×ÜÖÊÁ¿²»±ä
c£®ÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖлìºÏÆøÌåµÄÃܶȲ»±ä
d£®ÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷Öа±ÆøµÄÌå»ý·ÖÊý²»±ä
£¨4£©°±»ù¼×Ëá識«Ò×Ë®½â³É̼Ëá泥¬ËáÐÔÌõ¼þÏÂË®½â¸ü³¹µ×£®25¡æʱ£¬Ïò1L 0.1mol•L-1µÄÑÎËáÖÐÖð½¥¼ÓÈë°±»ù¼×Ëá立ÛÄ©ÖÁÈÜÒº³ÊÖÐÐÔ£¨ºöÂÔÈÜÒºÌå»ý±ä»¯£©£¬¹²ÓÃÈ¥0.052mol°±»ù¼×Ëá泥¬´ËʱÈÜÒºÖм¸ºõ²»º¬Ì¼ÔªËØ£®´ËʱÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨NH4+£©=0.1mol/L£»NH4+Ë®½âƽºâ³£ÊýֵΪ4¡Á10-9£®

Î¥·¨ºÍ²»Á¼ÐÅÏ¢¾Ù±¨µç»°£º027-86699610 ¾Ù±¨ÓÊÏ䣺58377363@163.com

¾«Ó¢¼Ò½ÌÍø