ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿ÖظõËá¼Ø³£ÓÃ×÷ÓлúºÏ³ÉµÄÑõ»¯¼ÁºÍ´ß»¯¼ÁµÈ¡£Óɺ¬¸õ·ÏÒº(Ö÷Òªº¬Cr3+¡¢Fe3+¡¢K+¡¢SO42-µÈ)ÖƱ¸K2Cr2O7µÄÁ÷³ÌÈçͼËùʾ¡£
ÒÑÖª£ºi.ÔÚËáÐÔÌõ¼þÏ£¬H2O2Äܽ«Cr2O72-»¹ÔΪCr3+¡£
ii.Ïà¹Ø½ðÊôÀë×ÓÐγÉÇâÑõ»¯Îï³ÁµíµÄpH·¶Î§ÈçÏ£º
½ðÊôÀë×Ó | Fe3+ | Cr3+ |
¿ªÊ¼³ÁµíµÄpH | 1.5 | 4.9 |
³ÁµíÍêÈ«µÄpH | 2.8 | 6.8 |
»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
(1)ÂËÔü¢ÙµÄÖ÷Òª³É·ÖΪ_________(Ìѧʽ)¡£
(2)"Ñõ»¯¡±²½ÖèÖз¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ____________¡£
(3)¡°¼ÓÈÈ"²Ù×÷µÄÄ¿µÄÊÇ_________¡£
(4)¡°Ëữ"¹ý³ÌÖз¢ÉúµÄ·´Ó¦Îª2CrO42- +2H+Cr2O72-+ H2O (K=4.0¡Á1014L3¡¤mol -3)¡£ÒÑÖª¡°Ëữ¡±ºóÈÜÒº(pH=1)ÖÐc(Cr2O72- )=6. 4¡Á10-3 mol¡¤L-1£¬ÔòÈÜÒºÖÐc(CrO42-)=_______¡£
(5)¿ÉÀûÓÃ΢ÉúÎïµç³Ø½«¶Æ¸õ·ÏË®ÖеÄCr2O72-´ß»¯»¹Ô£¬Æ乤×÷ÔÀíÈçͼËùʾ£º
Ôڸõç³ØÖУ¬b×÷______¼«£¬a¼«µÄµç¼«·´Ó¦Îª__________
(6)K2 Cr2O7±ê×¼ÈÜÒº»¹¿ÉÓÃÓڲⶨÊÐÊÛÁò´úÁòËáÄƾ§Ìå(Na2S2O3¡¤5H2O£¬M=248 g¡¤mol -1)µÄ´¿¶È¡£²â¶¨²½ÖèÈçÏ£º
i.ÈÜÒºÅäÖÆ£º³ÆÈ¡1.2400gÊÐÊÛÁò´úÁòËáÄƾ§ÌåÑùÆ·£¬ÓÃÐÂÖó·Ð²¢ÀäÈ´µÄÕôÁóË®ÔÚÉÕ±ÖÐÈܽ⣬ÍêÈ«Èܽâºó.È«²¿×ªÒÆÖÁ100mLÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ÖÐ.¼ÓÕôÁóË®ÖÁ¿Ì¶ÈÏß¡£
ii.µÎ¶¨£ºÈ¡0.01000 mol. L-1µÄK2Cr2 O7±ê×¼ÈÜÒº20. 00 mL£¬Ï¡ÁòËáËữºó¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿KIÈÜÒº£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦(Cr2O72-±»»¹Ô³ÉCr3+ £¬I-±»Ñõ»¯³ÉI2)¡£È»ºóÓÃÁò´úÁòËáÄÆÑùÆ·ÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨ÖÁµ»ÆÂÌÉ«£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦£ºI2+2S2O32 - =S4O62-+2I-¡£¼ÓÈëµí·ÛÈÜÒº×÷Ϊָʾ¼Á£¬¼ÌÐøµÎ¶¨£¬µ±ÈÜÒºÀ¶É«ÍÊÈ¥.¼´ÎªÖյ㡣ƽÐеζ¨3´Î£¬ÑùÆ·ÈÜÒºµÄƽ¾ùÓÃÁ¿Îª25.00mL¡£
¢ÙÏ¡ÁòËáËữµÄK2Cr2O7±ê×¼ÈÜÒºÓëKIÈÜÒº·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ_________
¢Ú¸ÃÊÐÊÛÁò´úÁòËáÄƾ§ÌåÑùÆ·µÄ´¿¶ÈΪ_______%(±£Áô1λСÊý)¡£
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿Cr(OH)3¡¢Fe(OH)3 2Cr(OH)3+3H2O2+4OH-=2CrO42-+8H2O ³ýÈ¥¹ýÁ¿µÄH2O2 Õý CH3COOH8e+2H2O=2CO2¡ü+8H+ Cr2O72-+14H++6I-=3I2+2Cr3++7H2O 96.0
¡¾½âÎö¡¿
º¬¸õ·ÏÒº£¨Ö÷Òªº¬Cr3+¡¢Fe3+¡¢K+¡¢SO42-µÈ£©ÖƱ¸K2Cr2O7µÄÁ÷³Ì£º·ÏÒºÓë×ãÁ¿KOH·´Ó¦Éú³É³ÁµíCr£¨OH£©3¡¢Fe£¨OH£©3£¬¹ýÂ˵õ½ÂËÔü¢ÙCr£¨OH£©3¡¢Fe£¨OH£©3»ìºÏÎ³ýÈ¥K+¡¢SO42-µÈÀë×Ó£¬¼îÐÔÌõ¼þÏÂÔÚÂËÔüÖмÓÈë¹ýÑõ»¯ÇâÑõ»¯Cr£¨OH£©3Éú³ÉK2CrO4£¬¹ýÂ˳ýÈ¥Fe£¨OH£©3£¬µÃµ½K2CrO4ÂËÒº¢Ú£¬¼ÓÈȳýÈ¥¹ýÁ¿¹ýÑõ»¯Ç⣬·ÀÖ¹ºóÐø¼ÓËáʱH2O2Äܽ«Cr2O72-»¹ÔΪCr3+£¬¼ÓËáµ÷pH=1£¬Ê¹K2CrO4ÈÜҺת»¯ÎªK2Cr2O7ÈÜÒº£¬Õô·¢½á¾§µÃµ½K2Cr2O7¾§Ì壬ÒԴ˽â´ð¡£
£¨1£©¸ù¾ÝÐγÉÇâÑõ»¯Îï³ÁµíµÄpH·¶Î§ÖªÂËÔü¢Ù³É·ÖΪCr£¨OH£©3¡¢Fe£¨OH£©3»ìºÏÎ¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCr(OH)3¡¢Fe(OH)3£»
£¨2£©¡°Ñõ»¯¡±²½ÖèÖУ¬¼îÐÔÌõ¼þÏ£¬¹ýÑõ»¯ÇâÑõ»¯Cr(OH)3£¬Éú³ÉK2Cr2O7ÈÜÒº£¬½áºÏתÒƵç×ÓÊغ㡢Ô×ÓÊغãµÃ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ2Cr(OH)3+3H2O2+4KOH=2K2CrO4+8H2O£¬ÔòÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£º2Cr(OH)3+3H202+4OH-=2CrO42-+8H20£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2Cr(OH)3+3H2O2+4OH-=2CrO42-+8H2O£»
£¨3£©ÒòΪÔÚËáÐÔÌõ¼þÏ£¬H2O2Äܽ«Cr2O72-»¹ÔΪCr3+£¬Îª·ÀÖ¹ºóÐø¡°Ëữ¡±²½ÖèÖÐCr2O72-½«Cr2O72-»¹ÔΪCr3+¶ø»ìÈëÔÓÖÊ£¬ËùÒÔËữ֮ǰ±ØÐë³ýÈ¥H2O2£¬²¢ÇÒH2O2¶ÔÈȲ»Îȶ¨¡¢Ò׷ֽ⣬ͨ¹ý¼ÓÈȿɳýÈ¥£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º³ýÈ¥¹ýÁ¿µÄH2O2£»
£¨4£©¡°Ëữ¡±ºóÈÜÒº(pH=1)£¬¼´c(H+)=0.1mol/L£¬·´Ó¦2CrO42- +2H+Cr2O72-+ H2O K=£¬Ôò£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£»
£¨5£©b¼«ÉÏCr2O72±»»¹Ô£¬Ó¦ÎªÕý¼«·´Ó¦£¬ÔòaΪ¸º¼«£¬ÒÒËá±»Ñõ»¯Éú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼£¬µç¼«·½³ÌʽΪ£ºCH3COOH8e+2H2O=2CO2¡ü+8H+£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÕý£»CH3COOH8e+2H2O=2CO2¡ü+8H+£»
£¨6£©¢ÙÔÚËáÐÔÌõ¼þÏ£¬Cr2O72-±»»¹Ô³ÉCr3+ £¬I-±»Ñõ»¯³ÉI2£¬Í¬Ê±ÓÐË®Éú³É£¬¸ù¾Ýµç×ÓתÒÆÊغãÅäƽ·´Ó¦µÃ£ºCr2O72-+14H++6I-=3I2+2Cr3++7H2O£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCr2O72-+14H++6I-=3I2span>+2Cr3++7H2O£»
¢Ú¸ù¾ÝÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦Öеç×ÓתÒÆÊغãµÃ£ºn(I2)=3n(Cr2O72-)=3¡Á0.01000 mol. L-1¡Á0.02L=0.0006mol£¬¸ù¾ÝI2+2S2O32 - =S4O62-+2I-µÃ£ºn(Na2S2O3)=2n(I2)= 0.0006mol¡Á2=0.0012mol£¬Ôò¸ÃÊÐÊÛÁò´úÁòËáÄƾ§ÌåÑùÆ·µÄ´¿¶ÈΪ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º96.0%¡£
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿ÔÚζÈt1ºÍt2Ï£¬X2(g)ºÍH2·´Ó¦Éú³ÉHXµÄƽºâ³£ÊýÈçϱí
»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ | K(t1) | K(t2) |
F2£«H22HF | 1.8¡Á1036 | 1.9¡Á1032 |
Cl2£«H22HCl | 9.7¡Á1012 | 4.2¡Á1011 |
Br2£«H22HBr | 5.6¡Á107 | 9.3¡Á106 |
I2£«H22HI | 43 | 34 |
¸ù¾ÝKµÄ±ä»¯£¬½áºÏÒÑÓÐ֪ʶÍƲ⣬Ëæ×űËØÔ×Ӻ˵çºÉÊýµÄ½µµÍ£¬ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A.ÔÚÏàͬÌõ¼þÏ£¬Æ½ºâʱX2µÄת»¯ÂÊÖð½¥Éý¸ß
B.X2ÓëH2·´Ó¦µÄ¾çÁҳ̶ÈÖð½¥¼õÈõ
C.HXµÄ»¹ÔÐÔÖð½¥¼õÈõ
D.HXµÄÉú³ÉΪ·ÅÈÈ·´Ó¦£¬ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÖªt1<t2