ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
8£®CH3ClΪÎÞÉ«£¬ÂÔ´ø³ôζµÄÆøÌ壬ÃܶÈΪ2.25g/L£¬ÈÛµãΪ-24.2¡æ£¬20¡æʱÔÚË®ÖеÄÈܽâ¶ÈΪ400mL£¬Ò×ÈÜÓÚÒÒ´¼ºÍ±û´¼µÈÓлúÈܼÁ£®¢ñ£®ÊµÑéÊÒÖÆÈ¡CH3ClµÄÔÀíÊÇCH3OH+HCl£¨Å¨£© $¡ú_{¡÷}^{ZnCl_{2}}$CH3Cl+H2O£®¾ßÌå²½ÖèÈçÏ£º
¢Ù¸ÉÔïZnCl2¾§Ì壻
¢Ú³ÆÈ¡24gÑÐϸµÄÎÞË®ZnCl2ºÍÁ¿È¡20mLŨÑÎËá·ÅÈëÔ²µ×ÉÕÆ¿£¬Í¬Ê±Á¿È¡Ò»¶¨Á¿µÄ¼×´¼·ÅÈë·ÖҺ©¶·ÖУ»
¢Û½«·ÖҺ©¶·ÀïµÄ¼×´¼ÖðµÎµÎÈëÉÕÆ¿Öв¢¼ÓÈÈ£¬´ýZnCl2ÍêÈ«ÈܽâºóÓÐCH3ClÆøÌåÒݳö£¬¿ÉÓÃÅÅË®·¨ÊÕ¼¯£®Çë»Ø´ð£º
£¨1£©ÊµÑéÊÒ¸ÉÔïZnCl2¾§ÌåÖƵÃÎÞË®ZnCl2µÄ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ¸ÉÔïµÄHClÆø·ÕÖмÓÈÈ£®
£¨2£©·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖеÎÈëÉÕÆ¿Öм״¼µÄÌå»ý±ÈÑÎËáÉÙ£¨¼×´¼ÓëŨÑÎËáµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È½Ó½ü£©ÆäÀíÓÉÊÇÔö´óÑÎËáµÄÁ¿ÒÔÌá¸ß¼×´¼µÄת»¯ÂÊ£®
£¨3£©ÊµÑéÊÒΪºÎÓÃÅÅË®·¨ÊÕ¼¯CH3Cl£¿CH3Cl²»Ò×ÈÜÓÚË®£¬ÓÃÅÅË®·¨¿É³ýÈ¥HCl¡¢CH3OHµÈÔÓÖÊÆøÌ壮
¢ò£®¾Ýij×ÊÁϼÇÔØ£¬CH4·Ö×ÓÖеÄÒ»¸öHÔ×Ó±»ClÔ×ÓÈ¡´úºó£¬ÆäÎȶ¨ÐÔÊܵ½Ó°Ï죬¿É±»Ç¿Ñõ»¯¼ÁËáÐÔ¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÑõ»¯£®ÏÖÓÐËÄֻϴÆøÆ¿£»·Ö±ðÊ¢ÓÐÒÔÏÂÊÔ¼Á£ºA£®1.5%KMnO4£¨H+£©ÈÜÒº£»B£®ÕôÁóË®£»C£®5%Na2SO3ÈÜÒº£»D£®98%H2SO4£®
£¨1£©ÎªÖ¤ÊµÕâÒ»ÀíÂ۵Ŀɿ¿ÐÔ£¬Çë´ÓÉÏÃæÑ¡Ôñ×îÇ¡µ±µÄÏ´ÆøÆ¿£¬½«a×°ÖÃÉú³ÉµÄÆøÌåÒÀ´Îͨ¹ýÏ´ÆøÆ¿BAC£¨ÌîÏ´ÆøÆ¿±àºÅ£©£¬Èç¹û¹Û²ìµ½A×ÏÉ«ÍÊÈ¥Ôò֤ʵÉÏÊö×ÊÁϵÄÕýÈ·ÐÔ£®
£¨2£©Ð´³öÏ´ÆøÆ¿Öз¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ£¨CÔªËصÄÑõ»¯²úÎïΪCO2£©£º10CH3Cl+14MnO4-+42H+=14Mn2++10CO2¡ü+5Cl2¡ü+36H2O¡¢SO32-+Cl2+H2O=SO42-+2Cl-+H+
£¨3£©Èç¹ûCH3ClÊÇ´óÆøµÄÎÛȾÎÉÏÊöÏ´ÆøÆ¿Ö®ºó»¹Ó¦½ÓһֻʢÒÒ´¼µÄÏ´ÆøÆ¿£®
·ÖÎö ±¾ÌâÊÇÀûÓü״¼ÓëŨÑÎËá·´Ó¦ÖƱ¸CH3Cl£¬Éæ¼°¾ßÌåµÄÖƱ¸¹ý³ÌÊÇÏÈÔÚ¸ÉÔïµÄHClÆøÁ÷ÖмÓÈÈZnCl2¾§ÌåµÃµ½ÎÞË®ZnCl2£¬ÔÙ½«ÎÞË®ZnCl2ºÍÁ¿È¡20mLŨÑÎËá·ÅÈëÔ²µ×ÉÕÆ¿²¢µÎ¼ÓÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄ¼×´¼£¬¾¼ÓÈȺó»áÓÐCH3ClÉú³É£¬ÒòCH3ClÖлìÓлӷ¢³öµÄHCl¼°¼×´¼£¬Ñ¡ÔñÅÅË®·¨ÊÕ¼¯Éú³ÉµÄÆøÌåµÄͬʱ»¹¿ÉÒÔ³ýÔÓ£¬ÁíÍ⻹̽¾¿Á˵ÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ¼°º¬ÓÐCH3ClβÆøµÄ´¦Àí£»
¢ñ£®£¨1£©ÒòZnCl2¾§ÌåÖ±½Ó¼ÓÈÈʱ£¬ÒòZn2+Ë®½â£¬Èç¹ûÖ±½Ó¼ÓÈÈ×îÖյõ½µÄÊÇZn£¨OH£©2£¬Òò´ËÒªÓÃŨÑÎËá»òHClÆøÌåÒÖÖÆÆäË®½âµÄͬʱ¼ÓÈÈ£»
£¨2£©µ±ÓÐÁ½ÖÖ·´Ó¦Îï²Î¼Ó·´Ó¦Ê±£¬¿Éͨ¹ýÌá¸ßÒ»ÖÖ·´Ó¦ÎïµÄÁ¿Ìá¸ßÁíÒ»ÖÖ·´Ó¦ÎïµÄת»¯ÂÊ£»
£¨3£©Òò·´Ó¦»ìºÏÎïÖеÄÑÎËáºÍ¼×´¼¾ùÒ×»Ó·¢£¬Éú³ÉµÄCH3ClÖлá»ìÓлӷ¢³öµÄÔÓÖÊ£¬Í¬Ê±CH3ClÄÑÈÜÓÚË®£¬Ñ¡ÓÃÅÅË®·¨ÊÕ¼¯µÄͬʱ»¹»áÓгýÔÓµÄ×÷Óã»
¢ò£®£¨1£©Èç¹ûCH3ClÄܱ»ËáÐÔ¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÑõ»¯£¬ÔòËáÐÔ¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÈÜÒº±¾Éí»áÍÊÉ«£¬Í¬Ê±¿ÉÄÜ»áÉú³ÉCO2ºÍCl2£¬Òò´ËҪעÒâβÆøµÄ´¦Àí£»
£¨2£©CH3Cl¾¹ýËáÐÔ¸ßÃÌËá¼ØµÄÏ´ÆøÆ¿»á±»Ñõ»¯³ÉCO2ºÍCl2£¬Éú³ÉµÄCl2¿ÉÑ¡ÔñNa2SO3ÈÜÒº£¬ÀûÓÃÂÈÆøµÄÑõ»¯ÐÔ£¬½«Na2SO3Ñõ»¯ÎªNa2SO4£»
£¨3£©ÒòCH3ClÒ×ÈÜÓÚÒÒ´¼ºÍ±û´¼µÈÓлúÈܼÁ£¬Òò´ËµÄβÆø¿ÉÑ¡ÔñÓлúÈܼÁÎüÊÕ£®
½â´ð ½â£º¢ñ£®£¨1£©ÔÚ¼ÓÈÈZnCl2¾§Ìåʱ¿ÉÑ¡ÔñͨHClÆøÌåÒÖÖÆÆäË®½â£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÔÚ¸ÉÔïµÄHClÆø·ÕÖмÓÈÈ£»
£¨2£©ÎªÁËÌá¸ß¼×´¼µÄÀûÓÃÂÊ£¬¿ÉÒÔÊʵ±Ôö¼ÓÑÎËáµÄÁ¿£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÔö´óÑÎËáµÄÁ¿ÒÔÌá¸ß¼×´¼µÄת»¯ÂÊ£»
£¨3£©ÒòCH3ClÖлìÓÐÒ×ÈÜÓÚË®µÄÔÓÖÊÆøÌ壬ÓÃÅÅË®·¨¿ÉÒÔ¼´³ýÔÓÓÖ¿ÉÊÕ¼¯£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCH3Cl²»Ò×ÈÜÓÚË®£¬ÓÃÅÅË®·¨¿É³ýÈ¥HCl¡¢CH3OHµÈÔÓÖÊÆøÌ壻
¢ò£®£¨1£©Èç¹ûCH3ClÄܱ»Ç¿Ñõ»¯¼ÁËáÐÔ¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÑõ»¯£¬¿ÉÑ¡ÔñÏÈͨ¹ýÊ¢ÓÐË®µÄÏ´ÆøÆ¿³ýÈ¥¿ÉÄÜ»ìºÏÓеÄHClºÍ¼×´¼£¬ÔÙͨ¹ýÊ¢ÓеÄËáÐÔ¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÏ´ÆøÆ¿£¬ÈÜÒºµÄ×ÏÉ«»áºÖÈ¥£¬×îºóͨ¹ýÊ¢Na2SO3µÄÏ´ÆøÆ¿ÎüÊÕÉú³ÉµÄÂÈÆø·ÀÎÛȾ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBAC£»A×ÏÉ«ÍÊÈ¥£»
£¨2£©ËáÐÔ¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÑõ»¯CH3Cl»áÉú³ÉCO2ºÍCl2£¬Í¬Ê±×ÔÉí±»»¹Ô³ÉMn2+£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ10CH3Cl+14MnO4-+42H+=14Mn2++10CO2¡ü+5Cl2¡ü+36H2O£¬Éú³ÉµÄÂÈÆø¾¹ýNa2SO3µÄÏ´ÆøÆ¿»áÑõ»¯Na2SO3ΪNa2SO4£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪSO32-+Cl2+H2O=SO42-+2Cl-+H+£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º10CH3Cl+14MnO4-+42H+=14Mn2++10CO2¡ü+5Cl2¡ü+36H2O¡¢SO32-+Cl2+H2O=SO42-+2Cl-+H+£»
£¨3£©CH3ClÒ×ÈÜÓÚÒÒ´¼ºÍ±û´¼µÈÓлúÈܼÁ£¬¿ÉÑ¡Ôñ¾Æ¾«ÎüÊÕCH3ClµÄβÆø£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÒÒ´¼£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁ˼״¼ºÍŨÑÎËá»ìºÏ¼ÓÈÈÖÆÒ»Âȼ×ÍéµÄʵÑéÔÀí£¬É漰ʵÑé²Ù×÷¡¢ÑÎÀàË®½â¡¢ÎïÖʵÄÐÔÖʼìÑé¼°·´Ó¦ÔÀíµÄ̽¾¿£¬×ÛºÏÐÔ½ÏÇ¿£¬µ«»ù´¡ÐÔ֪ʶƫ¶à£¬ÄѶȲ»´ó£¬Àë×Ó·½³ÌʽµÄÊéд´íÎóÂÊ¿ÉÄÜÆ«¸ßµã£®
A£® | ÀûÓÃÓÍÖ¬ÔÚ¼îÐÔÌõ¼þϵÄË®½â·´Ó¦£¬¿ÉÒÔÉú²ú¸ÊÓͺͷÊÔí | |
B£® | ÓÍÖ¬ÔÚС³¦ÄÚÊÜøµÄ´ß»¯×÷ÓöøË®½â£¬Éú³ÉµÄ¸ß¼¶Ö¬·¾ËáºÍ¸ÊÓÍ×÷ΪÈËÌåÓªÑø³É·ÖΪ³¦±ÚËùÎüÊÕ£¬Í¬Ê±ÌṩÈËÌå»î¶¯ËùÐèÒªµÄÄÜÁ¿ | |
C£® | ÓÍÖ¬ÖеÄ̼Á´ÎªÌ¼Ì¼µ¥¼üʱ£¬Ö÷ÒªÊǸ߷еãµÄ¶¯ÎïÖ¬·¾ | |
D£® | ÓÍÖ¬ÊÇÈËÌåËùÐèµÄ»ù±¾ÓªÑøÎïÖÊÖ®Ò»£¬Ó¦¾¡Á¿¶àʳÓÃÓÍÖ¬ÀàÎïÖÊ |
A£® | Ï¡°±Ë®ºÍ·Ó̪ÈÜÒº | B£® | µÎÓзÓ̪µÄNa2CO3ÈÜÒº | ||
C£® | µÎÓзÓ̪µÄÇâÑõ»¯¸ÆÈÜÒº | D£® | ÈÜÓÐSO2µÄÆ·ºìÈÜÒº |
A£® | NA¸öN2·Ö×ÓºÍNA¸öCO2Ô×Ó¸öÊý±ÈΪ1£º1 | |
B£® | 1 mol H2OµÄÖÊÁ¿ÓëNA¸öH2OÖÊÁ¿µÄ×ܺͼ¸ºõÏàµÈ | |
C£® | 1mol H2Ëùº¬µÄÔ×ÓÊýΪNA | |
D£® | 1mol H2SO4ÖÐËùº¬µÄÁ£×ÓÊýÄ¿Ò»¶¨ÊÇNA |
A£® | ÄÜʹ·Ó̪±äºìÉ«µÄÈÜÒºÖУºNa+£¬K+£¬OH-£¬S2O${\;}_{3}^{2-}$ | |
B£® | ÔÚ¼ÓÈëÂÁ·ÛÄܲúÉúÇâÆøµÄÈÜÒºÖУºNH${\;}_{4}^{+}$£¬Fe2+£¬SO${\;}_{4}^{2-}$£¬NO${\;}_{3}^{-}$ | |
C£® | ÊÒÎÂÏÂÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶Èc£¨H+£©=1¡Á10-14mol/LµÄÈÜÒºÖУºBa2+£¬NO${\;}_{3}^{-}$£¬K+£¬F- | |
D£® | º¬´óÁ¿Cu2+µÄÈÜÒºÖУºNH${\;}_{4}^{+}$£¬Na+£¬Cl-£¬HS- |
×´¿öϵÄÌå»ýΪ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
A£® | 1.12L | B£® | 4.48L | C£® | 5.6L | D£® | 3.36L |