ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
8£®Ò»·ÝÈÜÒºÖпÉÄܺ¬ÓÐK+¡¢Al3+¡¢H+¡¢NH4+¡¢Cl-¡¢Br-¡¢I-¡¢ClO-¡¢AlO2- µÈÀë×ÓÖеÄÈô¸ÉÖÖ£®ÎªÁËÈ·¶¨ÈÜÒºµÄ×é³É£¬½øÐÐÁËÈçϲÙ×÷£º£¨1£©Íù¸ÃÈÜÒºÖÐÖðµÎ¼ÓÈëNaOHÈÜÒº²¢Êʵ±¼ÓÈÈ£¬²úÉú³ÁµíºÍÆøÌåµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¨n£©Óë¼Ó
ÈëNaOHÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ý¹ØϵÈçͼËùʾ£»
Ôò¸ÃÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨´æÔÚµÄÀë×ÓÊÇAl3+¡¢H+¡¢NH4+£¬Ò»¶¨²»´æÔÚµÄÀë×ÓÊÇClO-¡¢AlO2-£®
£¨2£©¾¼ì²âºó£¬¸ÃÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓдóÁ¿µÄCl-¡¢Br-¡¢I-£¬ÈôÏò1L¸Ã»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖÐͨÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄÂÈÆø£¬ÔòÈÜÒºÖÐCl-¡¢Br-¡¢I-ÓëͨÈëÂÈÆøµÄÌå»ý£¨±ê¿öÏ£©¹ØϵÈçͼËùʾ£¬»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
Cl2µÄÌå»ý£¨±ê¿öÏ£© | 2.8L | 5.6L | 11.2L |
n£¨Cl- £© | 1.25mol | 1.5mol | 2mol |
n£¨Br- £© | 1.5mol | 1.4mol | 0.9mol |
n£¨I- £© | a mol | 0 | 0 |
¢ÚÔÈÜÒºÖÐCl-¡¢Br-¡¢I-µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈÖ®±ÈΪ10£º15£º4£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©¸ù¾Ý²úÉú³ÁµíºÍÆøÌåµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¨n£©Óë¼ÓÈëNaOHÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ý£¨V£©µÄ¹ØϵµÄͼʾ¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀ£¬¸Õ¼ÓÈëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜҺʱ£¬Ã»ÓвúÉú³Áµí£»Ö®ºó²úÉúÁ˳Áµí£¬ÇÒ³ÁµíÍêÈ«Èܽ⣻³ÁµíÈܽâÇ°²úÉúÁËÆøÌ壬¸ÃÆøÌåÒ»¶¨ÊÇ°±Æø£¬ÒÔÉÏ·ÖÎöÒÀ¾Ý£¬·Ö±ð¶ÔÀë×Ó´æÔÚÇé¿ö×÷³öÅжϣ»
£¨2£©¢Ù¸ù¾Ý·´Ó¦¿ÉÖª£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÒõÀë×Ó×ܵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿²»±ä£¨²»º¬ÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×Ó£©£¬ÓɱíÖÐÊý¾Ý¿ÉÖª£¬Í¨Èë5.6LÂÈÆøʱ£¬µâÀë×ÓÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬Í¬Ê±Ñõ»¯0.1moläåÀë×Ó£¬¾Ý´Ë¼ÆËãaµÄÖµ£»
¢Ú¸ù¾ÝÓɱíÖÐÊý¾Ý¿ÉÖª£¬Í¨Èë5.6LÂÈÆøʱ£¬µâÀë×ÓÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬Í¬Ê±Ñõ»¯0.1moläåÀë×Ó£¬¸ù¾ÝÂÈÆø¼ÆËã·´Ó¦Éú³ÉµÄÂÈÀë×ÓÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬½ø¶ø¼ÆËãÔÈÜÒºÖÐÂÈÀë×ÓÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬Í¨Èë2.8LÂÈÆøʱÈÜÒºÖÐäåÀë×Ó²»·´Ó¦£¬ÓɱíÖÐÊý¾Ý¿ÉÖªÔÈÜÒºÖÐäåÀë×ÓΪ1.5mol£¬¸ù¾ÝÈÜÒºÖÐÒõÀë×Ó×ܵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿²»±ä£¨²»º¬ÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×Ó£©¼ÆËãÔÈÜÒºÖеâÀë×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬¾Ý´Ë½â´ð£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©¸ù¾Ýͼʾ£¬¿ªÊ¼Ê±Ã»ÓгÁµíÉú³É£¬ËµÃ÷ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×Ó£¬Ò»¶¨Ã»ÓÐClO-¡¢AlO2-£»Ëæºó³öÏÖ³Áµí£¬ÇÒ³ÁµíÍêÈ«ÈܽâÁË£¬ËµÃ÷³ÁµíÊÇÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁ£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨º¬ÓÐÂÁÀë×Ó£¬Ò»¶¨Ã»ÓÐAlO2-£¬£»ÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁÈܽâÇ°Éú³ÉÁËÆøÌ壬¸ÃÆøÌåÒ»¶¨ÊÇ°±Æø£¬¹ÊÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨º¬ÓÐï§Àë×Ó£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAl3+¡¢H+¡¢NH4+£»ClO-¡¢AlO2-£»
£¨2£©¢Ù¸ù¾Ý·´Ó¦¿ÉÖª£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÒõÀë×Ó×ܵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿²»±ä£¨²»º¬ÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×Ó£©£¬ÓɱíÖÐÊý¾Ý¿ÉÖª£¬Í¨Èë5.6LÂÈÆøʱ£¬µâÀë×ÓÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬Í¬Ê±Ñõ»¯0.1moläåÀë×Ó£¬¹Êa=1.75+1.4-£¨1.5+1.5£©=0.15£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.15£»
¢Ú2.8Lʱ£¬n£¨Br-£©=1.5mol£¬¹ÊÔÈÜÒºÖÐn£¨Br-£©=1.5mol£»
n£¨Cl-£©=0.125¡Á2=0.25mol£¬n£¨I-£©=0.25mol£¬¹ÊÔÈÜÒºÖÐn£¨Cl-£©=1.25-0.25=1mol£»
5.6Lʱ£¬n£¨Br-£©=1.5-1.4=0.1mol£¬n£¨I-£©=0.25-0.1=0.15£¬¹ÊÔÈÜÒºÖÐn£¨I-£©=0.25+0.15=0.4mol£»
¹ÊÔÈÜÒºÖÐCl-¡¢Br-¡¢I-µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈÖ®±ÈΪ£º1£º1.5£º0.4=10£º15£º4£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º10£º15£º4£®
µãÆÀ ±¾ÌâÊÇÀë×ÓÍƶÏÌ⣬¿¼²éÀë×ӵļìÑé·½·¨¼°Í¼Ê¾Àí½â¡¢·ÖÎöÄÜÁ¦£¬ÄѶÈÊÊÖУ¬×¢ÒâÀë×Ó·´Ó¦ÏȺó˳ÐòµÄÓ¦ÓÃÊǹؼü£®
A£® | ʹÓÃÇ°ÒªÎÞÐè¼ìÑéÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ÊÇ·ñ©Һ | |
B£® | ÓÃÕôÁóˮϴµÓºó±ØÐëÒª½«ÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ºæ¸É | |
C£® | ΪÁ˱ãÓÚ²Ù×÷£¬Å¨ÈÜҺϡÊÍ»ò¹ÌÌåÈܽâ¿ÉÖ±½ÓÔÚÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ÖнøÐÐ | |
D£® | ΪÁËʹËùÅäÈÜҺŨ¶È¾ùÔÈ£¬¶¨ÈݽáÊøºó£¬ÒªÒ¡ÔÈ |
A£® | ½ðÊôÑõ»¯ÎïÒ»¶¨ÊǼîÐÔÑõ»¯Îï | |
B£® | ½ºÌåºÍÆäËû·ÖɢϵµÄ±¾ÖÊÇø±ðÊÇ·ÖÉ¢ÖÊÁ£×Ó´óС²»Í¬ | |
C£® | Éúʯ»Ò¡¢´×Ëá¡¢´¿¼î¡¢ÂÈ»¯ÄƶÔÓ¦µÄÎïÖÊÀà±ðÊÇÑõ»¯Îï¡¢Ëá¡¢¼î¡¢ÑÎ | |
D£® | ËáÐÔÑõ»¯ÎïÒ»¶¨ÊǷǽðÊôÑõ»¯Îï |
A£® | ̼ËáÇâÄÆÓëÁòËáÇâÄÆ·´Ó¦£ºHCO3-+HSO4-¨TSO42-+H2O+CO2¡ü | |
B£® | ÁòËáÓëÇâÑõ»¯±µ·´Ó¦£ºH++SO42-+Ba2++OH-¨TBaSO4¡ý+H2O | |
C£® | пºÍÏ¡ÁòËá·´Ó¦£ºZn+2H+¨TZn2++H2¡ü | |
D£® | Ñõ»¯ÍºÍÑÎËá·´Ó¦£ºO2-+2H+¨TH2O |
A£® | ÈýÂÈ»¯ÌúÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëÌú·Û£ºFe3++Fe¨T2Fe2+ | |
B£® | ±½·ÓÄÆÈÜÒºÖÐͨÈëÉÙÁ¿CO2£ºCO2+H2O+C6H5O-¡úC6H5OH+HCO3- | |
C£® | AlCl3ÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë×ãÁ¿µÄ°±Ë®£ºAl3++3OH-¨TAl£¨OH£©3¡ý | |
D£® | ÓÃŨÑÎËáÓëMnO2·´Ó¦ÖÆÈ¡ÉÙÁ¿ÂÈÆø£ºMnO2+4H++4Cl-¨TMn2++Cl2¡ü+2H2O |
A£® | ÏȺóµÎ¼Ó×ÏɫʯÈïÊÔÒº¡¢BaCl2ÈÜÒº£¬¿ÉÒÔ½«ÑÎËá¡¢ÁòËá¡¢ÁòËáÄÆ¡¢ÇâÑõ»¯ÄƺÍÏõËá¼ØÎåÖÖÎÞÉ«ÈÜÒº¼ø±ð¿ª | |
B£® | ÓüÓÈë¹ýÁ¿CuCl2ÈÜÒº£¬ÔÙ¹ýÂË£¬³ýÈ¥Cu£¨NO3£©2ÈÜÒºÖлìÓеÄAgNO3 | |
C£® | ÏòijÎÞɫδ֪ÈÜÒºÖнö¼ÓÈëBaCl2ÈÜÒº£¬ÒÔ¼ìÑéδ֪ÈÜÒºÖеÄSO42- | |
D£® | ij¹ÌÌåÔÚ¼ÓÈëÏ¡ÑÎËá²úÉúÁËÎÞÉ«ÎÞζÇÒÄÜʹ³ÎÇåʯ»ÒË®±ä»ë×ǵÄÆøÌ壬֤Ã÷¸Ã¹ÌÌåÒ»¶¨º¬ÓÐCO32- |