题目内容

根据短文内容，从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
It is two months since MH730 first went missing in the early hours of March 8th, while flying from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing. Malaysia Airlines said it was terribly sorry that MH370 ended in the southern Indian Ocean. People are losing hope that the passengers on the      could return alive and realize they should know how to save themselves when accidents like this happen in the air.
  1985, an Australia professor, Ed Galea, has interviewed 2,000 survivors of 105 airplane accidents, searching for the keys to survival (n.幸存) and found out      golden rules after years of research.
First, make sure that the airline does not keep your family members too far away on the plane, if you are traveling in family group.     ? It’s natural that while feeling in danger, you’ll probably want to meet the family before you can calmly move out.
Second, how do you untie (解开) your seat belt on a plane? By lifting a latch.            you can’t untie your seat belt, you can hardly run away and your chances of survival will drop.
Third, the           to the exits (逃生口), the more likely you are to survive. Count exactly how many rows you are from the nearest two exits. Why two exits? Because this helps you find at least               even in the sudden dark during an accident.
Fourth, we would be safer if airline seats faced backward, according to Galea’s research. But the problem is that most of the passengers              traveling with their back facing the direction of travel.
Fifth, “Smoke is dangerous to your health. If you take in too much of it, your will die,” explains Galea. You must learn how to use a smoke mask. Without the knowledge of putting on a mask, you’ll              time trying to put it on—time that could be used to run away.
At last, listen to the flight attendants before flying and look      at everything shown on a video or a safety card. Always be prepared. Good luck to you.
小题1:
A．trainB．planeC．busD．ship
小题2:
A．InB．FromC．SinceD．On
小题3:
A．fourB．fiveC．sixD．seven
小题4:
A．WhoB．HowC．WhenD．Why
小题5:
A．UnlessB．IfC．UntilD．After
小题6:
A．closeB．closerC．farD．farther
小题7:
A．allB．themC．oneD．both
小题8:
A．don’t likeB．enjoyC．hopeD．don’t want
小题9:
A．saveB．haveC．wasteD．enjoy
小题10:
A．carefulB．carefullyC．carelessD．carelessly

小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:B
小题6:B
小题7:C
小题8:A
小题9:C
小题10:B

试题分析：这篇短文讲述的是自从马航的MH370飞机失踪之后，人们对如何在飞行事故中逃生越来越重视。澳大利亚的一个教授经过多年的研究和调查，总结出了六条黄金发则，只要我们遵循这六条，我们逃生的可能性就会很大。
小题1:考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人们对飞机上的人能再活着回来失去了希望，也意识到像这样的空中事故发生的时候他们应该如何拯救自己。train 火车；plane 飞机；bus 公交车；ship船。根据上句话的意思可知，MH370是一架飞机。故选B。
小题2:考查连词及语境的理解。句意：自从1985年以来，一个澳大利亚的教授Ed Galea采访了105个飞机事故的2,000名幸存者。in 在…里面；from 从，来自；since 自从；on在…上面。根据句意和句中所使用的时态可知选C。
小题3:考查数词及语境的理解。句意：自从1985年以来，一个澳大利亚的教授Ed Galea采访了105个飞机事故的2,000名幸存者，寻找幸存的关键，经过多年的研究，发现了六个黄金法则。four 四；five 五；six 六；seven七。根据下文的内容可知，下面一共是六个原则。故选C。
小题4:考查疑问词及语境的理解。句意：首先如果你是和家人一起旅行，要确保航空公司不会把你和你的家人分隔的太远，为什么？who 谁；how 怎样；when 什么时候；why为什么；根据上下文的意思可知，作者告诉了我们第一条黄金法则，并在下面说明了原因，故这里应该是问为什么。故选D。
小题5:考查连词及语境的理解。句意：如果你没有解开你的安全带，你就几乎不能逃走，你幸存下来的可能性就会降低。unless 除非；if 如果；until 直到…时候；after在…之后。根据句意可知，这里的法则是说我们一定要知道怎样解开安全带，如果不知道的话，就无法逃走。故选B。
小题6:考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：第三，离逃生口越近，你幸存下来的可能性就越大。close 近的；closer 更近的；far 远的；farther更远的。根据文意可知，离逃生出口越近，我们幸存下来的可能性才越大，故排除C和D。这句话使用的句型是the +形容词比较级，the+形容词比较级，越…就越…。故选B。
小题7:考查不定代词及语境的理解。句意：为什么会有两个出口？这是为了帮助你即使在发生事故变黑的情况下至少能找到一个。all 三者或以上都；them 他们；one 一个；both两者都。根据句意可知，飞机上有两个逃生口，发生紧急情况时，至少可以找到一个来逃生，而不是两个都找到。故选C。
小题8:考查动词及语境的理解。句意：但是问题是大多数乘客不喜欢旅行时背朝着旅行的方向。don’t like 不喜欢；enjoy 喜欢；hope 希望；don’t want不想。根据这一段的意思可知，Ed 教授的研究发现，背朝着飞行的方向是比较安全的，但是大多数乘客不喜欢这样。故选A。
小题9:考查动词及语境的理解。句意：你必须学会使用防毒面罩，不知道如何戴它，你就会在戴它的时候浪费时间。save 节省，救；have 有；waste 浪费；enjoy喜欢。根据文意可知，如果你不知道如何戴防毒面具，那么发生危险的时候，你就会在戴它的时候浪费很多时间。故选C。
小题10:考查副词及语境的理解。句意：最后，飞行之前要仔细听飞行人员的解说，要仔细的看视频或安全卡上的所有内容。carful 仔细的，形容词；carefully 仔细地，副词；careless 粗心的；carelessly粗心地。根据句意可知，这里应该用副词形式来修饰动词look，并且为了我们自己的安全，我们应该仔细地看。故选B。
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The best way of learning a language is using it. The best way of learning English is to speak it as much as you can. Sometimes you’ll get your words mixed up (混合) and people will not understand you. Sometimes people will say things too quickly and you can’t understand them. But if you keep your sense of humor (幽默感)，you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes(错误). Don’t be unhappy if people seem to be laughing at your mistakes. It’s better for people to laugh at your mistakes than to be angry with you, because they don’t understand what you are saying. The most important thing for learning English is: “Don’t be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.”
小题1:The writer thinks that the best way for you to learn a language is        .
A．writingB．listening
C．using itD．learning grammar
小题2:What should you do to learn English well?
A．Be careful not to make any mistake.
B．Write as quickly as you can.
C．Laugh more often.
D．Speak English as much as you can.
小题3:When people laugh at your mistakes, you should          .
A．not careB．be angry
C．feel worriedD．be unhappy
小题4:The story tells us “        .”
A．Only foolish (愚蠢的) people make mistakes
B．Few people make mistakes
C．People never make mistakes
D．There is no one who doesn’t make mistakes
Have you ever taken part in a marathon? A marathon is 42km long. It is the longest race in the world. To make the runner’s body work, harder training(训练) is quite necessary. A runner should start to prepare for a marathon at least three months before. Many hours of running at different speeds(速度) and the changes in diet are necessary in the training.
Two weeks before the marathon, the training programme becomes less, from 100km per week down to 60km and then to 30km in the final week. On the last two days they may not run at all.
Breakfast should be eaten at least three hours before the race. Easily digested (消化) food such as cereal (麦), toast (烤面包) and scrambled (捣碎) egg is best, with as much fluid (液体) as possible. Runners should drink water about half an hour before the race to keep up the body fluid.
小题1: A marathon runner should begin his training___________.
A．a month before the race.B．a week before the race.
C．three or four months before the race.D．a year before the race.
小题2: Runners have to run ________ km. in a marathon race.
A．100B．60C．30D．42
小题3: It’s necessary for the players to have______________in the training.
A．training at different speeds and changes in diet.
B．little water.
C．lessons before the race.
D．too much meat.
小题4: Players shouldn’t run _______________.
A．two weeks before the marathonB．three months before the marathon
C．two days before the marathonD．in the final week
小题5: What should a runner have for his breakfast on the day of the race?
A．A big meal.B．A light(清淡的) meal.
C．Lots of meat.D．Oily(油性的) food.
Fishing is a popular activity and every fisherman knows the rule: Keep the big ones, throw the smaller ones back. The idea behind Lt is simple - the larger fish are probably older. If you keep the smaller ones, they won’t be able to reproduce, and the fish population is in danger.
But fishing out the largest fish from a population has an unwanted effect: Over time, fewer adult fish get really big. If only the smaller fish reproduce（繁殖）, then future generations become smaller. This is an example of evolution（进化） in action.
One scientist, Dr David Conover has spent the last decade studying the effects of the “keep the big ones” rule and if they can be reversed（颠倒）.
To set up his experiment, Conover and his team caught hundreds of silverside fish and divided them into six groups. For two groups, Conover followed the “keep the large ones” rule and took out the biggest fish. For two other groups, he removed only the small fish.
For the last two groups, he removed fish at random (随意的).
After five years, he measured the fish in each group. In the two groups where the largest fish were regularly removed, the average fish size was smaller than the average size in the other groups. Here was evolution in action: If only small fish survive to reproduce, then future generations of fish will also tend to be small.
For the second five years of his experiment, Conover changed the rules and took fish randomly from each group. At the end of the experiment, he found that the fish that were in the “keep the large ones” group for the first five years had started to get larger again, although he calculated it would take at least 12 years for the fish in that group to return to their original size.
In other words, it takes less time to shrink(变小) than it does to recover.
小题1: The underlined word “it” (Line 2) refers to “           ”
A．the activityB．the fish
C．the ruleD．the fisherman
小题2:Why do many people follow the “keep the big ones, throw the small ones back” rule?
A．It helps to protect fish numbers.
B．It helps to protect fish size.
C．It is the custom in most countries.
D．They will be punished if they don’t.
小题3:What did Conover find after the first five years of his experiment?
A．The “keep the big ones” rule made no difference to fish size.
B．The “keep the big ones” rule made fish smaller on average.
C．The “keep the big ones” rule made the fish bigger on average.
D．The “keep the big ones” rule affected all fish populations in the same way.
小题4: What is the author’s intention in writing this article?
A．To encourage people to fish more carefully.
B．To urge governments to change the rules of fishing.
C．To describe the results of a scientific experiment.
D．To introduce the rules of fishing to readers.
London used to be “foggy”（ 有雾的） for the same reason that cities like Beijing or Chongqing are “foggy” today. The “fog” was in fact smog（烟雾）, a mixture of smoke and fog．In other words, it was made by air pollution. In London, some of this pollution came from factories, but much of it came from the coal(煤)that people burnt in their houses to keep warm during the winter. By the 1950s, London’s smog problem had become so bad that the government decided to do something to clean the air. A new law was made and nobody could burn coal in any British city. In a few years, the air became much cleaner. There were no more “pea-soupers”.
Many Chinese cities now face the same sort of problem with air pollution that London faced 40 or 50 years ago. However, this problem is more difficult for Chinese cities to solve. One reason is that more of the pollution comes from the factories, rather than from coal burnt in people’s houses. If these factories were closed, this would harm the economy and lots of people would lose their jobs. Another reason is that changing from coal to cleaner fuel(燃料), like gas, is quite expensive.
However, the air in many Chinese cities is becoming cleaner and cleaner, as the government and people pay more and more attention to cutting down pollution. As a result, there are fewer “pea-soupers” in Beijing than there used to be.
小题1:What was the main reason for air pollution in London?
A．There was too much smoke in the sky．
B．There were too many factories in the city．
C．People burnt too much coal in the houses．
D．The city was too big for the cleaners to clean．
小题2:What does the underlined word “pea-soupers” refer to?
A．SmogB．Smoke
C．GasD．Coal
小题3:Which sentence is Not true?
A．Air pollution is serious in Beijing and Chongqing．
B．Using coal is much more expensive than using gas．
C．Factories made much more pollution in China．
D．The reasons of air pollution in London and Beijing are different
June 11,2013 was another big day for Chinese space exploration. Shenzhou X, China’s fifth manned spacecraft, was sent into space. Three astronauts, Nie Haisheng, 49, Zhang Xiaoguang, 47, and Wang Yaping, 33, stayed in space for 15 days.
Tiangong-1 is China’s first space module(舱). It was sent into space in 2011. It will be developed into a large space station around 2020. A space station is a lab for scientific studies.Shenzhou X performed its first docking（对接）with Tiangong-1 on June 13. It docked twice during the 15 days.
The US, Russia, Japan, Canada and Europe are working together on the International Space Station (ISS).China wanted to join the ISS but was refused by the US. China decided to build its own space station.
Shenzhou X flew around the Tianggong-1 lab for the first time. This was to make sure that spacecraft could dock from more than just one direction. The astronauts carried out repair work and did experiments on the Tiangong-1.
Teaching from space
Wang Yaping, China’s second woman astronaut, taught high school and primary school students about space science. Wang talked about how things move in a micro-gravity(微重量)environment. This helped the students better understand some physics ideas, like Newton’s Law. The lessons aimed to encourage more students to learn about the universe and science.
Life up in space
The three astronauts followed a work and rest schedule（作息时间）that is similar on the Earth. They had Chinese dishes, such as Kung Pao Chicken and fried rice. The food was kept in special bags. At the time of the Dragon Boat Festival, they had Zongzi.

小题1: Tiangong-1 is _______ which was sent into space in 2011.
A．a space moduleB．a manned spacecraft
C．a space stationD．a space lab
小题2: China decided to build its own space station because________.
A．China was very rich
B．the US refused China to join the ISS
C．the astronauts wanted to stay there
D．Chinese scientists wanted to do experiment in space
小题3:Wang Yaping taught the lesson to encourage students to________.
A．become the next Newton
B．experience micro-gravity
C．know more about the life of astronauts
D．learn more about the universe and science
小题4:From the last paragraph, we can learn that the three astronauts _______.
A．had a different time schedule in space
B．cooked Chinese food for dinner
C．celebrated Dragon Boat Festival by having Zongzi
D．slept in special sleeping bags
小题5: According to the passage, which of the following is not right?
A．Among the three astronauts in China’s fifth manned spacecraft, Nie Haisheng is the oldest.
B．In about 2020, Tiangong-1 will become a space station where astronauts can do science research.
C．It is true that Shenzhou X could dock with Tiangong-1 from only one direction.
D．In space, Wang Yaping taught the students how things go in a micro-gravity environment.
How quickly can you count from one to ten? Do you use ten different words to do it? Can you do it in English, or do you have to use your first languages? Do you count on your fingers? Many people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world. But scientists have discovered that it is not true.
People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers. In the United States, people think begin counting with their first fingers, which they extend or stick out. They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb(拇指）to count to five. Then they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten. In China, people count by using different finger positions. In this way, a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand.
Besides ways of finger counting, scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers. Some languages have only a few words for numbers, and others have no words for numbers. A group of scientists studied aboriginal(土著的）people in Australia. These people don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers. They don’t even have word for numbers. However, they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers.
In a similar study, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that people of the Piraha tribe(部落） in northwestern Brazil don’t have words for numbers such as “one” or “three.”. They are not able to say “five trees” or “ten trees” but can say “some trees,” “more trees,” or “many trees.” Professor Edward Gibson said that mist people believe that everyone knows how to count, “but here is a group that does not count. They could learn, but it’s not useful in their culture, so they’ve never picked it up.”
Although all humans are able to understand quantities(数量）,not all languages have numbers and not all people use counting. Number words in a certain language are a result of people needing numbers in their daily lives. Now we know that people have different ideas about numbers and math, too.
小题1:The writer begins with the four questions in order to______.
A．make a surveyB．interest readers
C．tell a storyD．solve math problems
小题2:What do we learn from the difference in finger counting between the U.S. and China?
A．People from China count much faster than people from the U.S.
B．People from China need two hands to count from one to ten.
C．People of different cultures may use different ways of finger counting
D．People of different cultures use the same way of finger counting.
小题3:Which of following is true about aboriginal Australians?
A．They have only a few words for numbers
B．They have hand movements to stand for numbers
C．They can only count to five on their fingers
D．They can understand different ideas about numbers
小题4:The study of the Piraha tribe shows that____
A．people all over the world know how to count
B．People of the tribe have words for number
C．Some groups of people are not smart enough to count
D．Counting is not useful in the culture of the tribe
小题5:What is the main idea of the passage?
A．people from different cultures have different ideas about numbers and math
B．Chinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans
C．In some aboriginal culture,people don’t even know how to count
D．Some languages don’t have number words because people don’t need numbers.
信息归纳(本部分为5小题，每小题1分，共5分)
Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didn’t have modern machines. There were no modern machines, either. Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills fish and affects(影响) our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and louder. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It affects every living thing in the world.
The world is not only hungry, but it is also thirsty for water. Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid(避免) a serious worldwide water shortage later on. We all have to learn how to stop wasting our valuable water. One of the first steps is to develop ways of reusing it. But even if we purified(净化) and reused the water, we still would not have enough. All we’d have to do is to make use of the vast reserves(储备) of sea water in the world is to remove the salt.
Paper comes from trees. We use a lot of paper every day. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth. So how can we save paper? We can use both sides of every piece of paper, especially when we are making notes. We can choose drinks in bottles instead of those in paper packets. We can also use cotton handkerchiefs(手帕) and not paper ones. When we go shopping, we can use fewer paper bags. If the shop assistant does give us a paper bag, we can save it and reuse it later.
Information card
Three kinds of main pollutions today
小题1:.
小题2:.
小题3:
A serious worldwide problem we’re going to face
小题4:
How many ways are mentioned(提到) to save paper?
小题5:
Computers can injure(伤害)you. Most other injuries happen suddenly．For example，if you fall off a bike and break your arms, it happens very quickly. But computer injuries happen slowly．
You probably know how to ride a bike safely. Now learn to use a computer safely．

Your eyes 
Too much light can injure your eyes, so never sit too close to a computer screen. Your eyes should be more than 50 centimeters from the screen. Don’t forget to look away from it sometimes. This gives your eyes a rest．
When you use a computer, the window should be on your left or your right. If it is behind you, the light will reflect on(反射)the screen. If the window is in front of you，the sun and the screen will both shine into your eyes．
Your hands and wrists(手腕)
Hand and wrist injuries can happen because the hands and wrists are moved in the same way hundreds of times. If you use a keyboard for a long time, follow these three rules: 1) Rest your wrists on something.
2) Keep your elbows(肘)as high as the keyboard.
3) Stop sometimes and exercise your hands, wrists and fingers in a different way．
Your back
Some people sit for many hours in front of a computer. If you sit in the wrong way, you can injure your back or your neck. So you shouldn’t bend your back when you sit. The top part of the screen should be in front of your eyes. Your forearms, wrists, hands and the upper part of your legs should all be parallel(平行)to the floor. If you are sitting for a long time, get up every half an hour and exercise your arms, legs and neck．
Enjoy your computer, but use it safely．
                 Title:  How to use a computer safely
Different
小题1: of your body
Causes of the injuries
Some 小题2: of keeping you away from computer injuries
 
Your eyes
◆Too much light can injure your eyes
◆Don’t sit too close to a computer screen．
◆Your eyes should be  小题3:         50 centimeters from the screen．
◆ 小题4: to look away from the screen sometimes．
 
Your    小题5:    and wrists
◆You  小题6:  them in the same way hundreds of times.
◆You use a keyboard for a long time.
◆小题7: your wrists on something.
◆Keep your elbows at the same       小题8: as the keyboard．
◆Exercise your hands, wrists and fingers in different ways．
 
Your back
◆You sit for many hours   小题9:  a computer．
◆ You sit in the wrong way.
◆You should keep your back             小题10:when you sit．
◆Get up every half an hour if you are sitting for a long time.

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