5、Researchers are placing robotic dogs(机器狗)in the homes of lonely old people to determine whether they can improve the quality of life for humans. Alan Beck, an expert in human-animal relationship, and Nancy Edwards, a professor of nursing, are leading the animal-assisted study concerning the influence of robotic dogs on old people’s depression, physical activity, and lefe satisfaction. “No one will argue that an older person is better off being more active, challenged, or stimulated(刺激),”Edwards points out. “The problem is how we promote(使……成为现实)that,especially for those without riends or help. A robotic dog could be a solution.”

In the study, the robot, called AIBO, is placed for six weeks in the houses of some old people who live alone. Before placing AIBO in the home, researchers will collect baseline data for six weeks. These old people will keep a diary to note their feelings and activity before and after AIBO. Then, the researchers will review the data to determine if it has inspired any changes in the life of its owner.

“I talk to him all the time, and he responds to my voice,” says a seventy-year-old lady, “When I’m watching TV, he’ll stay in my arms until he wants down. He has a mind of his own.”

The AIBOs respond to certain orders. The researchers say they have some advantages over live dogs, especially for old people. Often the elderly are disabled and cannot care for an animal by walking it or playing with it. A robotic dog removes exercise and feeding concerns.

“At the beginning, it was believed that no one would relate to the robotic dog, because it was metal and not furry.” Beck says. “But it’s amazing how quickly we have given up that belief.”

“Hopefully, down the road, these robotic pets could become a more-valuable health helper. They will record their masters’ blood pressure, oxygen levels. Or heart rhythms. ASIBOs may even one day have games that can help stimulate older people’s minds.”

1. The purpose of Beck and Edwards’ study is to        .

A.understand human-animal relationship

B.make lonely old people’s life better

C.find the causes of old people’s loneliness

D.promote the animal-assisted research

2. In the research, the old people are asked to        .

A.note the activities of AIBOs

B.keep AIBOs at home for 12 weeks

C.record their feelings and activity

D.analyze the collected information

3. What is the advantage of AIBO over live dogs?

A.It is easier to keep at home.

B.It can help the disabled people.

C.It responds to all the human orders.

D.It can watch TV with its owner.

4. The author seems to suggest that the future robotic dogs may        .

A.cure certain diseases

B.keep old people active

C.change people’s beliefs

D.look more like real gods

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4、Attitubde is an internal(内在的)state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual(个人). Some researchers consider that attitudes come from defferences between beliefs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.

The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes. Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages one’s husband or wife to express his or her own ideas-all are influenced by attitudes. These internal states are acquired(获得) throughout life from sitations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.

Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. Achild who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice, But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude.

Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single incidents, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden wovement of a snake. They can result from the individual’s experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them, And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regaudless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modihcation(修正)of attitudes.

1. According to the passage, attitudes          .

A. come from different situations in one’s life

B. are largely affected by one’s behavior

C. remain unchanged in one’s daily life

D. could be chosen according to one’s will

2. The author uses the examples in Paragraph 3 to show         .

A.people often make mistakes when they are not noticed

B.people with good attitudes may sometimes do bad deeds

C.particulars of a situation may influence an individual’s action

D.an individual may change his or her attitude fairly easily

3. Which of the following is TRUE about the learning of attitudes?

A.Attitudes are only learned through one’s success.

B.Attitudes learned in danger will last longer.

C.Copying others behavior is not a good idea.

D.Attitudes can be learned from one’s parents.

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

A.Differences of Attitudes.

B.Nature of Attitude.

C.Choices of Attitudes.

D.Modification of Attitude.

1、At a few minutes past five. Dave noted that the blanket of darkness was lifting. He was just able to make out the heavier masses that eventually appeared as the familiar trees that lined the road at the base of the hill. The upper reaches of the sky showed lighter shades of gray.

Dave got out of bed quietly and dressed quickly. He mixed a spoonful of instant chocolate into a glass of cold water, and his impatience forced him to finish the drink in gulps.

As he walked down toward the lake. Dave paused to reach for the fishing pole and gear box on the bench where he had left them the night before.

By the time where he reached the small boat, a thick white mist(雾气)had spread over the surface of the water. He stepped into the boat, sat down, and rowed out of the weed beds that lined the edge of the shore.

The outer fringe(边缘)of the lake disappeared as the boat moved forward noiselessly. All he could see was the enveloping whiteness. He could not tell where the boat and the surrounding air met the surface of the lake.

Dave rowed steadily ahead, relying of a mental picture of the surroundings. Then the mist began to rise, slowly It soon rested inches above the still surface of the lake. The heavy silence was now being broken by the fish breaking through the surface as they leaped out of the water for low-flying insects.

The magic time had arrived. Dave raised his pole. Davn was broken. He was excited with expectancy.

1. Dave got up early in the morning to        .

A. enjoy the scene of the lake

B. seek adventure at the lake

C. go fishing in the lake

D.take a walk by the lake

2. Accrding to the story, which of the following is TRUE?

A.Dave broke the quietness of the lake.

B.Dave was familiar with the surroundings.

C.Dave took a picture of the lake with him.

D.Dave forgot the fishing pole at the beginning.

3. The underlined word“It”in Paragraph 6 refers to        .

A.          fish

B.         boat

C.         silence

D.         mist

4. What can we learn from the end of the story?

A.Dave was hopeful of catching a lot of fish.

B.Dave wished the weather would be better.

C.Dave was happy that dawn was broken.

D.Dave expected someone else would come.

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