5、What is IRC? IRC is Internet Relay Chat. It is a group of networked server computers that let users connect and pass their messages among the networked servers in almost real time. In other words, it is a big chatting server, once you join a group, you are able to talk in an open forum (论坛)type environment or just one on one.
    What IRC Networks are out there? There are about fifty really mainstream IRC networks (groups of servers) you can connect to. The most common ones found are typically, ‘EF-Net’, ‘Under-Net’, and ‘DAL-Net’.
    What is a Channel? A channel is the name for the ‘group’ you are joining, or the ‘forum’ in which you want to talk. On IRC, channels are denoted (表示) as # Channel Name. For instance, say if you are interested in MP3 music, you may want to go to # MP3.
    How do I get on IRC? To get on IRC, you will need to get a client program. I personally suggest using ‘mIRC’, if you are in the windows environment. I have used the program for many years faithfully. It is a shareware（共享软件）program that doesn’t disable after a given time period.
    What are the basic commands once I am on? Join # channel ― this will make you enter a channel. Part # channel ― this will make you exit a channel you are in. Nick new name ― this will change your current screen name.

A note as a warning about IRC. IRC is a wonderful forum for idea exchange, and a fun place to chat and learn. However you must keep in mind that you don’t know who is on the other end. That someone says they are 16 doesn’t mean they aren’t 45. Keep an eye on yourself and make sure not to give out any personal information on IRC before you know those on the other end of the line thoroughly. Attention! Safe IRCing everyone!

53. According to the passage, ‘EF-Net’, ‘Under-Net’, and ‘DAL-Net’ stand for ______.

A. chatting groups        B. group channels         C. computer massages    D. chatting networks

54. Which of the following can’t you do with the basic commands?

A. Change one’s screen name.                                 B. Exit a certain channel.            

C. Know the person you chat with.                            D. Enter a certain channel.

55. We can find all the following information from the passage except ______.

A. the differences between the IRC networks      B. the general knowledge of Internet Relay Chat

C. the way of getting on the networks of IRC      D. the notice for safe chatting on the net      

56. From paragraph ______ you can learn to join a certain ‘group’ or a ‘forum’.

  A. 2                          B. 3                                   C. 4                           D. 5

4、Each time a city building is set up, the grass in that spot and trees that once reached up to the sky are replaced by a tar(柏油) roof. In addition to that, roads, parking lots, and yet more buildings are being constructed. The total lost green space can have a very real effect on a city’s air temperature, air quality and energy costs. On a summer day in most American cities, a tar roof can feel like the inside of an oven (烤箱). But what if we could replace the hot roof of each skyscraper or building in a city with grass or a garden?
    Whether it holds vegetable gardens, wildflowers, or meadow grasses, a green roof can lower the temperature above a building by 60 degrees, which can reduce the building’s energy costs. If used more widely, green roofs could decrease a city’s total energy costs, reduce power plant emissions (排放), and improve air quality and public health. But that’s not all ― green roofs are a great way to deal with water management in urban areas with overwhelmed sewerage（排污）systems, and actually extend the life span (寿命) of the roof itself. And green roofs do something else: They beautify the city ― whether you’re on the 3rd floor or the 30th. Now that’s a great achievement.
    The environmental nonprofit group Earth Pledge is promoting a Green Roofs initiative (积极性). To learn more about how to create a green roof ― and the benefits it will provide ― visit its website at EarthPledge.com.

49. This passage is most likely to appear in “______” in a webpage.

A. City Environment    B. True Stories            C. Home and Garden     D. Family Health

50. The construction of more city buildings leads to ______.

A. loss of parking space  B. increase of gardens  C. poor quality of air     D. fewer energy costs

51. When tar roofs are replaced with green ones, ______.

A. everyone tends to plant vegetables in roof gardens

B. people need more and more sewerage systems

C. low temperature improves people’s health

D. the greenness adds to the beauty of the city environment

52. You visit EarthPledge.com with the purpose of ______.

A. building a home garden                               B. offering money to the group

C. understanding green roofs better                 D. creating a website of Green Roofs

3、What’s your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember the first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom recall events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four rarely keep any memory of specific, personal experiences.

   A variety of explanations have been put forward by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia” (记忆缺失). One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature(成熟) until about the age of two. But the most popular theory thinks that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot access childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories. But when they search through their mental files for early childhood memories to add to this verbal（文字的） life story, they don’t find any that fit the pattern. It’s like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.

   Now psychologist Annette Simms offers a new explanation for “childhood amnesia”. She argues that there simply aren’t any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms , children need to learn to use someone else’s spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten impressions of these experiences into long-term memories. In other words, children hear others talk about their experiences--Mother talking about the afternoon spent looking for crabs (蟹) at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without the help of this kind of verbal description, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form long-term memories of their personal experiences.

45. According to the passage, it is widely believed that ______.

A. it is impossible for an adult to recall his experiences

B. adults and children have different brain structures

C. adults think in words while children think in pictures

D. adults actually have no access to their childhood memories

46. The word “hippocampus” in the second paragraph probably means ______.

A. a research center engaged in the study of human brains

B. a psychological research department of a university

C. a tiny campus formed in one’s childhood memory

D. a part of the brain in charge of the formation of memories

47. “Trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary” is stated to show that ______.

A. adults and children have different memory patterns

B. it is unlikely to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary

C. Chinese and English are totally different languages

D. memories are in some way connected with languages

48. According to Annette Simms, ______.

A. verbal support is necessary for children to have long-term memories

B. there does not exist such things as childhood memories

C. children’s brains are mature enough to form permanent memories

D. children are generally inexperienced and unable to remember things they don’t understand

2、Much older than the Great Wall, Stonehenge (巨石阵) is one of the world’s most fascinating, but least understood historical sites. Every year, thousands of tourists come to admire Stonehenge’s beauty and to wonder about how and why it was built.

Scientists have dated the site, which is located in England, to around 3000 BC. The stone circle was constructed in a number of stages over hundreds of years. It took millions of man hours to raise the heavy stones.

Though there are many theories, it is still a mystery how stone-age man dragged such heavy stones over 380 kilometers from where they were made. Prehistoric (史前) people had only basic wooden tools. To move the stones they probably used tree trunks to roll them along.

Some historians believe that Stonehenge was a temple, the site of ancient sacrifices (祭祀). Others believe it was a burial place or perhaps even a giant sundial (日冕) to tell the time. Whatever their ancient use was, the stones have always been a source of fascination for British people. One record from 1135 said the great stones were carried to England by giant magical creatures!

In modern times Stonehenge has become a huge hit with tourists.

41. Tourists are interested in Stonehenge mainly because ______.

A. it has something to do with the Great Wall     B. they know nothing about its history and site 

C. nowhere else can they find a stone circle       D. most of its history remains a mystery

42. According to the passage, it is possible that prehistoric people ______.

A. spent many hours building the stone circle    B. moved the stones with simple wooden tools 

C. built the stone circle for no purpose              D. dragged stones with the help of machines

43. It is believed by some historians that Stonehenge was built to______. 

A. attract the British people                              B. let people know the time

C. exchange goods for daily use                        D. create a living place for magical creatures

44. The underlined words in the last paragraph probably means ______.  

A. Stonehenge has become extremely popular with tourists

B. Stonehenge has been seriously damaged by tourists

C. tourists have solved the mystery of Stonehenge

D. tourists have found Stonehenge larger than before

1、Valentine’s Day was the time my father chose to show his love for the special people in his life. Over the years I fondly (天真地) thought    21     him as my “Valentine man”.

My first memory of the    22      he could bring to Valentine’s Day came when I was six. That morning at the breakfast table I found a card and a gift-wrapped package at my chair. The card was    23   “Love, Dad” and the gift was a ring with a small piece of red glass to    24    my birthstone, a ruby (红宝石). There is     25     difference between red glass and rubies to a child of six, and I remember    26   that ring with pride that all the cards in the world     27     not surpass (超越).

  28   I grew older, the gifts gave    29   to heart-shaped boxes filled with my    30    chocolate and always included a     31    card signed “Love, Dad”. In those years my “thank-you” became   32    of a perfunctory (敷衍) response. The cards seemed less    33    , and I took for granted that the Valentine would     34    be there. I had    35     my hopes and dreams in receiving cards and gifts from “significant others” and “Love Dad” just didn’t seem quite    36    .

His final card remains on my desk today. It’s a     37    of how special fathers can be and how important it has been to me to know that I had a father who continued a  tradition of    38     with simple acts of understanding of the people in his life.

Those things never    39     , nor does the memory of a man who never     40    being my Valentine man.

34、 I’ll probably see you on Sunday; 　　　　, it will be on Monday.

A. thus      B. then      C. after all      D. if not

33、―I really like the modern digital camera you lent me last week.

―　　　　.

―And thank you very much for letting me keep it so long.

A. I’m glad you like it      B. Don’t mention it

C. I hope you like it           D. That’s all right

32、No matter _____, you must keep trying.

   A. how difficult does it seem                B. however it seems difficult

   C. however seems it difficult                D. how difficult it seems

31、_____bilingual education in one’s early childhood is getting more and more popular in Shanghai now.

   A. Receive          B. Receiving          C. Received       D. Having received