63. Which of the following is true of the rainfall in America’s West?

A. There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.

B. The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.

C. Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.

D. It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.

62. The underlined sentence “You’re what you eat and drink” (Line 1, Para. 3) means　　　　 .

A. Food and drink affect one’s personality development.

B. Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.

C. Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.

D. Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence.

61. According to the passage scientists’ new discovery is that　　　　　 .

　 A. One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.

　 B. A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.

　 C. Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.

　 D. The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.

60. What can be the best title for the text?

A. New England’s dark day.　　　 B. Voices of angry prediction.

C. There is no smoke without fire.　　　　　　　　 D. Tree rings and scientific discovery.

B

Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand (缕) of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.

The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.

“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in your hair,” said Thure Ceiling, a geologist at the University of Utah.

While U.S. diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as rain clouds move.

Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素). The heaviest rain falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.

Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.

Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.

They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of rain systems.

“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),” Ceding said. “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”

Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.

The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.

When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.

She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.

“It’s still a substantial area,” Park said. “But it narrows it way down for me.”

59. What can we know about the debates after the dark day?

A. They focused on causes of the event.

B. They swept throughout the Western world.

C. They were organized by scientific institutions.

D. They improved Americans’ ability to communicate.

58. According to the researchers, the origin of the event was 　　　　.

A. an east wind　　　　　　　　　 B. a severe drought

C. some burning fuel　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. low barometric pressure

57. What can we infer about the event in New England on May 19, 1780?

A. Prayers remained silent and attentive.

B. Night birds no longer came out to sing.

C. People’s ears became sharper than usual.

D. Midday meals were served by candlelight.

56. New Englanders crowded into churches because they were frightened by 　　　　.

A. the pink color of the sun　　 B. the darkened sky at daytime

C. the Last Judgment on Friday　 D. the American War of Independence

47. A. put up with　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. keep up with　

C. deal with D. do with

Section C　 (12分)

Directions: Complete the following passage by using ONE word that best fits the context.

When Mrs. Joseph Groeger died recently in Vienna, Austria, people asked, "Why did she live to be 107?". 　48　　 　were provided by a survey conducted among 148 Viennese men and women who had reached the age of 100. Somewhat surprising was the fact 　49　　 　the majority had lived most of their lives in cities. 　50　　 　the city's image as an unhealthy place, yet city living often provides benefits that country living can lack. One factor seems to be important to the longevity (长寿) of those interviewed.

This factor is exercise. In the cities it is often faster to walk short distances than 　51　 　wait for a bus. Even taking public transportation often requires some walking. Smaller apartment houses have 　52　 　elevators (电梯), and so people must climb stairs. City people can usually walk to local supermarkets.　 53　　 　parking spaces are hard to find, there is often no alternative to walking.

　　 On the other hand, those who live in the 　54　 　　and suburbs do not have to walk every day. In fact, the opposite is often true. To go to school, work, or almost anywhere 　55　　 , they must ride in cars.

PART THREE: READING COMPREHENSION (30分)

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.

A

At dawn on Friday, May 19, 1780, farmers in New England stopped to wonder at the pink color of the sun. By noon the sky had darkened to midnight blackness, causing Americans, still in the painful struggle of a prolonged war of independence, to light candles and tremble at thoughts of the Last Judgment. As the birds quieted and no storm accompanied the darkness, men and women crowded into churches, where one minister commented that “The people were very attentive.” John Greenleaf Whittier later wrote that “Men prayed, and women wept; all ears grew sharp . . .”

A recent study of researchers, led by Richard Guyette from the University of Missouri’s Tree Ring Laboratory, has shown that vast forest fires in the Algonquin Highlands of southern Ontario and elsewhere in Canada brought this event upon New England. The scientists have discovered “fire scars” on the rings for that year, left when the heat of a wildfire has killed a part of a tree’s cambium (形成层). Evidence collected also points to a drought that year. An easterly wind and low barometric pressure (低气压) helped force smoke into the upper atmosphere. “The record fits pretty close,” says Guyette. “We had the right fuel, the drought. The conditions were all there.”

Lacking the ability to communicate quickly over long distances, Americans in 1780 remained in the dark about the event, which had disappeared by the next day. Over the next several months, the papers carried heated debates about what brought the darkness. Some were the voices of angry prediction, such as one Massachusetts farmer who wrote, “Oh! Backsliding New-England, attend now to the things which belong to your peace before they are forever hid from your eyes.” Others gave different answers. One stated that a “flaming star” had passed between the earth and the sun. Ash, argued another commentator. The debate, carried on throughout New England, where there were no scientific journals or academies yet, reflected an unfolding culture of scientific enquiry already sweeping the Western world, a revolution nearly as influential as the war for independence from the English.

New Englanders would not soon forget that dark day; it lived on in folklore, poems, and sermons for generations.

46. A. indifferent　　　　　　　 B. careful　　　　 C. helpful　　 D. independent