SECTION B

Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Anyone who has tried to learn Chinese can prove how hard it is to master the pitch (音调) required to speak and understand it. And anyone who has tried to learn to play the violin or other instruments can report similar challenges.

Now researchers have found that people with musical training have an easier time learning Chinese.

Writing in the online edition of Nature Neuroscience, researchers from Northwestern University say that both skills use parts of the brain that help people notice changes in pitch.

One of the study’s authors, Nina Kraus, said the findings suggested that studying music “actually tunes our sensory (感官的) system.” This means that schools that want children to do well in languages should hesitate before cutting music programs, Dr. Kraus said. She said music training might also help children with language problems.

Chinese speakers have been shown to have a more complex programming of pitch patterns in their brains than English speakers do. This is most probably because in Chinese and other Asian languages, pitch plays a central role. A single word can have several meanings depending on how it is pronounced.

For this study, the researchers looked at 20 non-Chinese speaking volunteers, half with no musical background and half who had studied an instrument for at least six years.

As they were shown a movie, the volunteers also heard an audiotape of the Chinese word “mi” in three of its meanings: squint (眯), bewilder (迷) and rice. The researchers recorded activity in their brain stems (脑干) to see how well they were processing the sounds.

Those with a music background showed much more brain activity in response to the Chinese sounds.

The lead author of the study, Patrick C. M. Wong, said it might work the other way round. It appears that native speakers of tonal (音调的) languages may do better at learning instruments, Dr. Wong said.

81. Why is the arrangement of pitch patterns in Chinese speakers’ brains more complex? (No more than 8 words.)

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