2. break down损坏，跨，压倒，分解

[经典例句]

1) The bridge broke down．桥塌了。

2) The engine broke down．发动机坏了。

3) He has broken down from overwork．他因工作过度而累垮了。

4) Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen．水可以分解为氢和氧。

5) The plan to build another chemical work has broken down because it will cause serious pollution．再建一个化工厂的计划失败了，因为这将引起严重的污染。

[词汇激活]

break away from摆脱，脱离

break in闯入；插话

break into闯入；破门而人；打断(谈话)

break off中止；折断；打折

break out爆发；突然发生

break through突破；冲垮

break up分解；(使)结束;分开,分离

[练习]请填人适当的介词或副词：　　

1)To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it ___________ into pieces.

2) The elevator broke _______.

3) Fighting broke_______ in the prison cells.

4)Fire broke _______during the night.

5) On the way to the prison house, the prisoners suddenly broke _______ from the policeman.

Keys: 1) down　 2) down　 3) out　 4) out　 5) away

1.take the place of代替,取代

[典例]

1) In the future, natural gas will take the place of petrol as the major fuel.将来天然气会代替汽油成为主要的能源。

2) I’ll take the place of Mr．Lin next week．=I’ll take Mr．Lin's place next week．

下周我将代替林老师。

[重点用法]

take place发生；举行

take one's place就位；代替某人

in place of (= instead of)代替

in place在适当的位置

out of place不得其所，不适当地

in the first place首先

from place to place到处；各处

[练习] 选择以上短语填空

1) A sudden accident _______ in the street last evening.　　

2)She likes everything _______ before she starts to work．She hates a mess．

Keys: 1)took place　 2)in place

7.　 delight n.快乐, 高兴, 喜悦v. (使)高兴, (使)欣喜

[典例]

1)　　　 Sometimes an old movie can still delight the people who have a sweet memory for the old days.有时一部旧片仍能给怀念旧时光的人们带来喜悦。

2)　　　 The movie Xi Yangyang & Hui Tailang gave delight to millions of children. 电影《喜羊羊与灰太郎》使千万小朋友获得乐趣。

[重点用法]

take/find/have delight in喜爱, 以...为乐

to sb.'s delight令人高兴的是...

delight in 嗜好

[练习]翻译句子

1)　　　 他的表演使观众感到满意。

2)　　　 唱歌是她的主要爱好。

3)　　　 年轻人喜欢旅行。

Keys: 1) He delighted the audience with his performance. 2) Singing is her chief delight. 3) The young delight in /take delight/ in travels

V 重点词组　 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料)

6.　　　　 arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商

[典例]

1) The child was required to arrange his shoes in a neat row by his parents.

家长要这个小孩把鞋放成整齐的一排

2) He was arranged by his family to marry a girl of his own class 他家里安排他娶一个门当户对的女孩。

[重点用法]

arrange for安排, 准备

arrange with sb. about sth.与某人商定某事

[练习]翻译句子

1)　　　 你得在会议开始前把书架上的书整理好。

2)他们在秘密地为一场盛大婚礼做准备

Keys: 1) You should finish arranging the books on the shelves before the meeting. 2) They are arranging for a big wedding secretly.

5.　　　　 available adj.可用到的, 可利用的,有空的,

[典例]

1) Attention，please．These tickets are available on the day of issue only．

这些衣服恐怕没有你的尺寸。

[重点用法]

反义词：unavailable

[考例]单项填空

We regret to inform you that there are no tickets ______ for Friday’s performance.

A. available　 B. spare　 C. convenient　 D. affordable

[解析] 根据句意“我们很遗憾地通知你星期五的演出票没有了”。可知available “可提供的，可得到的”，常作后置定语。答案：A。

[练习]翻译句子

1) 这里没有这本书。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2)在拥挤的地方,没有车位可用。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1) This book is not available here. 2) In the busy place, no car parking is available for use.

4.　　　　 influence n.& vt.影响, 感化, 势力, 有影响的人(或事)

[典例]

1) What influenced you to do it?是什么感染了你要这么做？

2) Don’t be influenced by him; you should hold your own decision.别被他影响了你，你该有你自己的决定。

[重点用法]

have influence on/with…对……产生影响

under the influence of 在......的影响下

[练习]翻译句子

1)　 父母亲的行为总会给孩子带来影响。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2)　 在议会的影响下，总统改变了主意。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1) What parents do always has influence on their children. 2) The president changed his idea under the influence of the senate.

3.　　　　 convenience n.便利, 方便, 有益, 有用的, 方便的用具

[典例]

1) We bought this house for its convenience．我们买下这所房子是为了方便。

2) Please come at your convenience．请在你方便的时候来。

3) Gas is one of the modern conveniences the newly-built apartment building provides．

这幢新造的公寓大楼装有煤气等现代化设备。

[重点用法]

inconvenience n．　 不方便

convenient adj．　 便利的，适宜的

at one's convenience在某人方便的时候

for one's convenience(of)为了某人的方便

for convenience's sake为了方便起见

make a convenience of …利用

[练习]翻译句子

1) 如果方便就来看看我。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2) 你方便明天开始工作吗?

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1)Come and see me if it is convenient to you．2) Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?

2.　　　　 clarify v.澄清, 阐明

[典例]

1)---Could you clarify the first point please? 请你澄清第一个要点，好吗?

---I don’t understand it completely，either．我也并不完全理解。

2) His mind suddenly clarified. 他的脑子突然清醒过来。

[练习] 翻译句子

1)她写信详细说明她的意图.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2)澄清某人的立场

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1)She wrote a letter to clarify her intentions. 2) clarify one's position

1.　　　　 consist vi.由...组成, 在于, 一致

consist of=be made up of 由…组成;由…构成

[典例]

1)　　　 Substances consist of small particles called molecules. 物质是由叫做分子的微粒组成的。

2)　　　 True charity doesn't consist in almsgiving. 真正的慈善不在于施舍。

　[练习]翻译:

1) 这支球队由12人组成。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2) 这位艺术家的风格上的美在于它的简朴。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1) the team consists of 12 players. 2)The beauty of the artist's style consists in its simplicity.

III 词性变化 (旨在提供语法填空所需材料)

IV 重点词汇 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料)