1.英语不规则动词变化( BookI – Book III) A           B           C hear         heard         heard learn         learnt        learnt have/has       had         had leave        left         left lend         lent         lent lose         lost         lost make        made        made mean        meant        meant send         sent         sent spell        spelt          spelt shoot        shot          shot sit          sat          sat smell         smelt         smelt  spend        spent          spent spit         spat          spat stand        stood         stood understand      understood      understood hang         hung         hung hold         held          held light         lit           lit meet         met          met find          found         found feed          fed          fed spit          spat          spat bear         bore          born win          won          won build         built          built babysit        babysat        babysat flee          fled          fled lead          led          led mislead        misled        misled bend         bent         bent bleed         bled         bled hold          held         held smell         smelt         smelt dig          dug          dug  deal          dealt         dealt  A          B            C eat          ate           eaten fall          fell            fallen do/does       did            done choose       chose          chosen break        broke          broken am/is        was           been are         were           been fly          flew          flown forbid        forbade         forbidden  forget        forgot         forgotten freeze        froze          frozen get          got           gotten go          went           gone hide         hid           hidden lie          lay           lain mistake        mistook         mistaken see          saw           seen shake        shook          shaken speak        spoke          spoken steal        stole           stolen take        took           taken wake        woke           woken wear         wore           worn A           A            B beat         beat          beaten A           B           A run         ran           run come        came          come become       became         become A          A           A A         B  can        could may        might will        would  shall        should A         A must       must

不规则中寻规则:

a)      过去式与动词原形同形

cost        cost          cost  put         put          put fit         fit           fit  cut         cut          cut let         let           let hurt        hurt          hurt set        set       set shut        shut         shut read        read         read hit         hit          hit

b)原形以ow/aw结尾,过去式则变成ew

grow         grew           grown throw        threw           thrown know         knew          known

draw         drew          drew show         showed        shown

c)将动词原形中的元音字母i改成a,变成过去式。

swim        swam          swum sink         sank           sunk ring         rang           rung

give         gave          given

drink         drank          drunk sing         sang          sung begin        began          begun [特例]win          won          won

d)过去式以ought或aught结尾

think         thought        thought bring         brought        brought buy         bought        bought fight         fought        fought catch        caught        caught teach        taught        taught

[注意]上述动词过去式的末尾是ought还是aught,只要记住“有a则a,无a则o”,即原形中有a的,则变为aught,否则为ought.

e)将动词原形中的字母组合ee去掉一个,词尾加上t,变成过去式。

feel          felt          felt

sweep        swept         swept  sleep         slept         slept  keep         kept         kept oversleep       overslept       overslept

f)将动词原形中的元音字母i改为o,变成过去式。

drive         drove           driven ride         rode           ridden  write         wrote          written rise         rose           risen shine        shone         shone

g)以ay结尾的动词,将ay变成aid变成过去式

pay         paid         paid say         said         said lay          laid          laid 

h)以一个辅音字母+ell结尾的动词,将ell改成old变成过去式

tell         told          told Sell         sold         sold 2.一般过去时的用法

1)表示在过去某个时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如yesterday, last week, an hour ago, just now, in 1990等。

2)表示过去接连发生的一系列动作。They played soccer and then went home.

3)一般过去时动词的构成方法:

a)      一般情况下,动词原形后直接加-ed。如,play-played

b)     以e结尾的动词,直接加-d。 如,decide-decided

c)      重读闭音节+单个辅音字母结尾的动词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed。如,stop-stopped

d)     结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变y为i,再加-ed.如,study-studied

e)      有些动词变化不规则要特殊记忆。上面以给出。

4)一般过去时的句法功能

a)      肯定句:主语+一般过去时动词+其他We had Sichuan food for dinner.

b)     否定句:主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他;主语+wasn’t/weren’t+其他

I didn’t go to summer camp.

The shops weren’t too crowded.

c)      一般疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+其他?;Was/Were+主语+其他?

Did they stay at home?

Was the bus trip relaxing?

d)     特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般过去式?

Where did you go?  Who was ill?

6.     关于how 的用法

1)     How作“(指程度)多少”“(方法)怎样”“多么”讲,为副词。

2) how 的感叹句的构成:How + 形容词+主语+be动词!

           How+副词+主语+谓语动词!

3)how many 多少(对可数名词的数量提问,其后接名词复数)

  How many days are there in a year?

4) how much 多少(钱)(对不可数名词的数量提问,其后接不可数名词)

  How much water is there in the cup?

  How much are these pants?

5) how often多久(对表示频度副词的时间状语提问)

  How often do you go there? Once a month.

6)how old多大岁数(对年龄提问)

How old is your grandfather? He is sixty-five.

7)how soon多久(用于将来时)

 How soon are you back? In a week.

◆unit10 Where did you go on vacation?

目标语言:Talk about past events

重点句型:Where did Tina go on vacation? She went to the mountains.

      Where did he go on vacation?  He stayed at home.

      Did you go to Central Park? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

      Did he go to Central Park? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.

      How was your vacation?  It was pretty good.

      How was the weather?  It was hot and humid.

      How were the people?  They were unfriendly.

      We had great fun playing in the water.

      The shops were too crowded, so I didn’t really enjoyed it.

      I found a little boy crying in the corner.

重点词组: stay at home, go to New York City, summer camp, go to the mountains, on vacation, Central Park, go to the movies,pretty good, bus trip, have fun doing, go shopping, in the corner, help sb, do sth, make sb. do sth. decide to do sth, discuss sth with sb, write a report on sth , be lost

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