Francis Bacon, one of the most important philosophers(哲人) of England, was born in London and educated at Cambridge University. When he was only 15, he went to France to work for the English ambassador (大使) . Two years later he went back to England to study law. At the age of twenty-three he was chosen to parliament (议会). His ideas about how scientists should study things in nature help to bring the modern way of thinking, called the scientific method.

　　One of the Bacon’s best-known books was his Essays. Each essay was a short piece of writing in which he tried to give a lesson by discussing sides of a subject such as studying, conversation, friends and healthy living. In many of his books, Bacon explained how scientists should study things as they really existed in nature and then tried to figure out what caused a particular thing to be as it was. Later, by doing experiments, the scientist could see that any one cause would always have the same result. This method, which is called inductive reasoning, is used by all the scientists today, but it was new in Bacon’s time.

5. According to the passage we know that ____.

　 A. Francis Bacon was the most important philosopher of England

　 B. Francis Bacon had good education

　C. Francis Bacon worked for a French ambassador at the age of 15

　　D. Francis Bacon stayed in France until he was 23

6. The underlined phrase “inductive reasoning” in the last paragraph means____.

　　A. to discover general laws from particular facts or examples

　　B. to reach a conclusion by reasoning from general laws to a particular case

　　C. to study things as they used to be

　　D. to study things in a particular way

7. Which of the following is NOT true?

　　A. Bacon was a learned man.

　　B. Bacon did a lot of philosophy.

　　C. The inductive reasoning was widely used both today and in Bacon’s time.

　　D. Bacon gave scientists much useful advice.

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出最佳选项．

　　Indianapolis is the capital and largest city of Indiana, USA. With a population of 744 000, it is one of the largest cities in the world that cannot be reached by water. However, Indianapolis is a city through which many railways, roads, buses and planes pass. There are many factories which make trucks, farm tools, and electrical things. These factories cause little pollution (污染) for the city. Butler University, well-known for engineering, and the law and medical schools of Indiana University, are in the city center. Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the nation's most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.

　　If you visited Indianapolis you would be able to find your way around easily because most of the streets cross each other like a chessboard(棋盘). In the center of the city, called the Circle, stands the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, 100meters high. Also in the center there are many buildings made of the famous Indiana stone, which makes them white in color.

1．What is Indianapolis best known for?

[　　]

A．Its yearly motor race.

B．Its schools and libraries.

C．Its universities and medical schools.

D．Its Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument.

2．From the text, what do we learn about the size of Indianapolis?

[　　]

A．It is the largest city in the U S A.

B．It has a population of over a million.

C．It has a population of under a million.

D．It is one of the largest cities in the world.

3．It is easy for a stranger to go about in the city because ________.

[　　]

A．most of the buildings are in the center of the city

B．there are many different ways of traveling there

C．the buildings are very close to each other

D．the city is planned in squares(正方形)

4．Many buildings in Indianapolis are white because ________.

[　　]

A．they are painted white every year

B．the Indiana people keep them clean

C．they are made of a special stone

D．there is little pollution from factories