Question

阅读理解 　　Francis Bacon, one of the most important philosophers(哲人)of England, was born in London and educated at Cambridge University．When he was only 15,he went to France to work for the English ambassador(大使)．Two years later he went back to England to study law．At the age of twenty-three he was chosen to parliament(议会)．His ideas about how scientists should study things in nature help to bring the modern way of thinking, called the scientific method． 　　One of the Bacon’s best-known books was his Essays．Each essay was a short piece of writing in which he tried to give a lesson by discussing sides of a subject such as studying, conversation, friends and healthy living．In many of his books, Bacon explained how scientists should study things as they really existed in nature and then tried to figure out what caused a particular thing to be as it was．Later, by doing experiments, the scientist could see that any cause would always have the same result．This method, which is called inductive reasoning, is used by all the scientists today, but it was new in Bacon’s time． (1) According to the passage we know that ________． [　　] A． Francis Bacon was the most important philosopher of England B． Francis Bacon had good education C． Francis Bacon worked for a French ambassador at the age of 15 D． Francis Bacon stayed in France until he was 23 (2) It can be known that Francis Bacon was famous for ________． [　　] A． inventing the scientific method of studying things in nature B． his books C． his Essays D． being a member of parliament (3) His essay gave many useful lessons on ________． [　　] A． studying B． conversation C． friends and healthy living D． all of the above (4) The underlined phrase “inductive reasoning” in the last paragraph means ________． [　　] A． to discover general laws from particular facts or examples B． to reach a conclusion by reasoning from general laws to a particular case C． to study things as they used to be D． to study things in a particular way

Answer 1

答案：1．B;2．B;3．D;4．A;
提示：

(1)	根据第一段第一句可知，培根是在剑桥大学接受的教育，可知他受过良好的教育。
(2)	由短文第二段的第一句“One of the Bacon best known books was his Essays．”可知培根因他的书籍而出名，而Essays只是他著名书籍中的一本。
(3)	由第二段的“Each essay was a short piece of writing in which he tried to give a lesson by discussing sides of a subject such as studying, conversation, friends and healthy living．”可得出答案。
(4)	本题为词义猜测题。词义猜测题应根据其上下文的意思来猜测生词或词组的意思。本题可由该词组所在句的上句“Later, by doing experiments, the scientist could see that any cause would always have the same result．”得出答案。