Intellectual property (IP) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. The concept dates back to 1623, when the first patent law to protect IP rights was passed. IP rights protect an artist from having his/her creative ideas copied by another. For example, if somebody generated an idea for a novel, that idea is protected by IP rights. If someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further, he/she must consult the original artists, who will normally be rewarded financially for its use. Back in the 17^th century, IP rights were primarily carried out to protect newly developed manufacturing processes against stealing, but today intellectual property rights are also enjoyed by those who create music, art and literature.
In recent years, IP rights have been the focus of a great deal of discussion because of a technology which looks set to weaken them altogether: the Internet. Many years ago, if you wanted a recoding of a song, you would have to purchase it from a music store; if a novel, from a book store. In those days, IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it. However, a lot of IP, including songs, films, books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the internet. This practice has now taken the world by storm, dramatically affecting the way in which we view IP rights.
【小题1】According to the writer, in the beginning, IP rights were mainly of use to _______.

When I was a boy, every holiday I had seemed wonderful. My   36  took me by train or by car to a hotel by the   37 . All day I   38  on the sands（沙滩） with strange   39  children. We made houses and gardens, and   40  the tide（潮汐） destroy them. When the tide went out, we   41  over the rocks and looked down at the fish in the rock-pools.
In those days the   42  seemed to shine always brightly   43  the water was always warm. Sometimes we left beach and walked in the country, 44  ruined houses and dark woods and climbing trees. There were   45 in one’s pockets or good places where we could   46  ice creams. Each day was very happy.
Although I am now thirty-five years old, my idea of a good   47  is much the same as it was. I   48  like the sun and warm sand and the sound of   49  beating the rocks. I no longer wish to   50  any sand house or sand garden, and I dislike sweets.   51 , I love the sea and often feel sand running through my fingers.
Sometimes I   52  what my ideal (理想的) holiday will be like when I am   53 . All I want to do then, perhaps, will be to lie in bed, reading books about   54  who make houses and gardens with sands, 55  watch the incoming tide…
【小题1】

As I write this, I have half an eye on an old James Bond film that is showing on my computer. But this is a story about how I stopped watching TV and began reading again for pleasure, after ten years in which I hardly turned a page.

I suppose I was an enthusiastic reader of "literature" between the ages of nine and fourteen. I had enough time to be White Fang, Robinson Crusoe, and Bilbo Baggins and Jeeves. Of course there was room in the schoolboy's imagination for some real historical figures: Scott of the Antarctic, all of the Vikings, and Benjamin Franklin were good friends of mine.

Then, in adolescence, I began a long search for strange and radical (激进的) ideas. I wanted to challenge my elders and betters, and shock my fellow students with amazing points of view. Of course, the only place to look was in books. I hunted out the longest titles and the authors with the funniest names; I searched the library for completely unread books. Then I found one which became my bible for the whole of 1982, it had a title composed of eleven long words and an author whose name I didn't know how to pronounce. It was really thick and looked dead serious. Even better, it put forward a whole world-view that would take days to explain. Perfect. I took it out of the library three times, proud to see the date-stamps lined up on the empty library insert.

Later, I went to university. Expecting to spend long evenings in learned discussion with clever people, I started reading philosophy. For some reason I never found the deep-thinking intellectuals I hoped to meet. Anyway, I was ready to impress with my profound (深奥的) knowledge of post-structuralism, existentialism and situationism. These things are usually explained in rather short books, but they take a long time to get through. They were the end of my youthful reading.

Working life was hard to get used to after so much theory. It was the end of books for me. There didn't seem to be much in books that would actually get things done. To do things you had to answer the telephone and work a computer. You had to travel about and speak to people who weren't at all interested in philosophy. I didn't stop reading, you can't avoid that. I read all day. But no books came my way, only manuals (操作手册) and contracts and documents. Maybe most people satisfy their need for stories and ideas with TV and, to tell the truth, it was all I needed for ten years. In those days I only had a book "on the go" for the duration of aeroplane flights. At first I would come home and watch TV over dinner. Then, I moved the TV so I could watch it from bed. I even got a switch so I could turn it off without getting out of bed. Then, one fateful day, my TV broke and my landlady took it away.

My new TV is an extra circuit board (电路板) inside my computer. It's on a desk in front of a working chair and I can't see it from the bed. I still use it for the weather forecasts and it's nice to have it on while I'm typing this… but what to do last thing at night? Well, have another go with books.

Now, I just like books. I have a pile of nice ones by my bed and I'm reading about six at the same time. I don't want to be any of the characters. I don't care if a thousand people have already read them. I don't have to search through libraries. There are books everywhere and all of them have something to read in them. I have the strange feeling that they've been there all along, waiting for me to pick them up.

1.The writer enjoyed reading “literature” between the ages of nine and fourteen because ________.

A．he thought it was important for a schoolboy to do so

B．he was still too young to understand other books

C．he believed all the real historical figures were his friends

D．he could imagine himself being the characters in the books

2.“Existentialism” (in paragraph 4) is probably ________.

A．a library intended for teenagers            B．a kind of books on traditions

C．a philosophy theory                     D．a kind of reading skill

3.The main reason the writer stopped reading books was that ________.

A．he found watching TV was more interesting

B．he became too busy to read any books

C．he found books were of little use to his work

D．he had to read a lot of manuals, contracts and documents

4.Now the writer starts to read books again ________.

A．to find back his youth in books             B．for the pure pleasure of reading

C．so as to help kill his spare time             D．for only business purposes

5.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A．The Years with Books                     B．Books and TV Programs

C．Don’t Judge a Book by Its Cover           D．Reading Makes One Excellent

The expression “keeping up with the Joneses” was first used in 1913 by a young American Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself: he began earning $125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. Young Momand was very proud of his riches. He got married and moved with his wife to Long Island, outside New York City.

But just moving there was not enough. For when Momand and his wife saw that their neighbors belonged to a country club they too joined a club. And when he saw that rich people were expected to ride horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave grand parties for their new neighbors.

It was like a race, but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up. Momand and his wife could not do that.

The race ended for them when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to an inexpensive New York City apartment.

Momand later said that his experience had been a cruel awakening for him. However, he was able to see the funny side of it. He looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with their neighbors.

He decided that this would make good stories for many papers across the country. He called it “Keeping up with the Joneses”, because “Jones” is a very common American name. “Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with the people around you. Momand’s stories appeared in different newspapers for over 28 years.

People never seem to tire of keeping up with the Joneses. That is one reason why they read the “right” books, go to the “right” universities and eat in the “right” restaurants. But no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead.

1.The writer of this passage means to tell us ___________.

A．what Arthur Momand did to keep up with his neighbors

B．how the expression “keep up with the Joneses” came into being

C．what we should do to keep up with our neighbors

D．how we can live differently from others

2.The reason Momand moved to Long Island is that ___________.

A．he wanted to live in a rich neighborhood

B．there was a country club for him to join

C．it was outside the city and good for horseback riding

D．his wife came from that area

3.By saying “It was like a race”(in Para 3), the writer means ____________.

A．it was just a suitable place for the horse race

B．Momand and his wife kept themselves busy

C．Momand’s neighbors also gave parties one after another

D．Momand tried to compete with their neighbors in his way of life

4.The funny side Momand saw in his experience was _________.

A．he moved back to a cheap place

B．he was not alone in keeping up with his neighbors

C．he made a mistake in following other people’s examples

D．he cared too much about what others thought of him

5.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Momand earned a lot of money when he got married

B．Momand was always very interested in riding horses

C．Momand found there was something wrong with his way of life

D．Momand wrote stories for newspapers about himself and his neighbors

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

When I was a boy, every holiday that I had seemed wonderful. My   36   took me by train or by car to a hotel by the   37  . All day, I seem to remember, I  38 on the sands with strange   39  children. We made houses and gardens, and   40  the tide (潮汐) destroy them. When the tide went out, we   41  over the rocks and looked down at the fish in the rock-pools.

    In those days the   42  seemed to shine always brightly   43   the water was always warm. Sometimes we left the beach and walked in the country,   44   ruined houses and dark woods and climbing trees. There were  45  in one's pockets or good places where one could   46   ice-creams. Each day seemed a life-time. 

    Although I am now thirty-five years old, my idea of a good   47   is much the same as it was. I   48  like the sun and warm sand and the sound of _ 49   beating the rocks. I no longer wish to   50   any sand house or sand garden, and I dislike sweets.   51  , I love the sea and often feel sand running through my fingers.

    Sometimes I   52   what my ideal (理想的) holiday will be like when I am   53   . All I want to do then, perhaps, will be to lie in bed, reading books about   54  who make houses and gardens with sands, who watch the incoming tide, who make  55  sick on too many ices...

A. teacher           B. parents                     C. nurse                       D. doctor

A. sea           B. lake                  C. mountain           D. forest

A. played           B. slept                   C. sat                 D. stood

A. moved          B. excited                 C. worried           D. nervous

A. made         B. brought                C. watched                     D. heard

A. rolled         B. jumped                 C. turned            D. climbed

A. light            B. sun                C. moon             D. lamp

A. and              B. yet                C. but                 D. or

A. exploring       B. examining          C. repairing           D. measuring

A. sweets      B. sand                   C. ice-creams                   D. money

A. make         B. sell                 C. buy                 D. offer

A. house         B. holiday             C. garden                 D. tide

A. hardly       B. almost               C. still                   D. perhaps

A. waves          B. water                       C. hands                 D. birds

A. destroy       B. fix                    C. use                     D. build

A. But          B. However                C. Or                    D. Yet

A. wonder       B. feel                    C. understand             D. believe

A. strong        B. weak                  C. young                D. old

A. children      B. boys               C. girls                   D. grown-ups

A. herself        B. himself              C. itself                D. themselves