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Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩) and pumping(向---送出) blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: "Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart."
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, "The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. So our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see - and guide whether we see fear."
To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear. "We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear," Dr Garfinkel said.
"We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder."
小题1:What is the finding of the study?
| A.fear has something to do with one's health. |
| B.fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat. |
| C.One's heart affects how he feels fear. |
| D.One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear. |
| A.When the heartbeat is relaxed. |
| B.When their hearts are contracting. |
| C.When people are tired. |
| D.When people are happy. |
| A.the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions |
| B.volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures |
| C.volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data form their brain scans |
| D.different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart-brain communication |
| A.Order. | B.Machine. | C.Treatment. | D.System. |
| A.treating anxiety and stress better |
| B.explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety |
| C.finding the sky to the heart-brain communication |
| D.understanding different fears in our hearts and heads |
“Hello.” — it is one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults. That’s regrettable, because saying hello is more than just saying hello — it’s the respect of another’s worth. How might the world change — how might we change — if we have mastered this word? To find out, I spent one month saying hello to every person I met. Here’s what I’ve learnt.
It can improve productivity. In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan Allday, an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University, had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning. This exchange of greetings raised the kid’s productivity. School went from impersonal to personal, and that led to more class participation(参与)and better grades.
Environments influence friendliness. One study found that people in the city were less likely to shake hands with a stranger than those in the countryside. And, researchers say, pleasant environments generally encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant ones. My experience was similar. Whatever the reason, my hellos in the city were answered far less often than the ones in the countryside. Similarly, people in vacation areas, like the Jersey Shore, were far more friendly than those hurrying to work downtown.
It’s a form of health insurance(保险). It’s impossible to say hello without smiling. And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, lighten unpleasant feelings and improve happiness. It seems that saying hello creates a similar influence.
So maybe we can make the world a better place by saying hello. After a month of doing it, I feel lighter and more connected and I have a better sense of well-being.
56. What can we know from the first paragraph?
A. People can say hello since they are born.
B. Saying hello is a way to show respect to others.
C. People lose the ability to say hello when they grow up.
D. Saying hello is a way to change the world completely.
57. Which of the following is true according to the second paragraph?
A. Students will get good grades by saying hello very often.
B. An assistant professor likes greeting his students every morning.
C. The teacher who often says hello to students is very popular at school.
D. Kids will be more active in class by exchanging greetings with teachers.
58. From the passage, we learn that ________.
A. smiles can take the place of hellos
B. people living in the city refuse to say hello
C. environments play a role in creating friendliness
D. having health insurance is more important than saying hello
59. The underlined word “well-being” in the last paragraph means ________.
A. health and happiness B. comfort and quietness
C. pride and confidence D. peace and hopefulness
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Every day, Mr Xie goes to Dongzhimen Bus Stop, and gives help to at least 1,200 people asking for directions. During holidays, the number may be even 3,500. There are more than 50 roads and streets meeting at Dongzhimen, and at least 100 thousand people pass by there daily.
The reporter of Beijing Youth Daily had an interview with Xie. At that time, he arrived at the bus stop and placed his little table with maps and guidebooks written by himself on it.
"Is it really free to ask you for the way?" said a person from southeast China
"Of course," answered Xie with a smile. "Quite a number of people have asked me the same question. I am a volunteer."
The reporter found that at least 5 people came to ask him for the way in a minute, and Xie told them the way patiently and gave every one of them a note with his words on it.Xie has a husky voice. People think that it's because of the result of the things he is doing.
Now Xie has encouraged several other volunteers to join him. Many people hope to do volunteering like Xie, but it's hard to do as well as he does.
小题1:Xie Lang directs the ways for people at the bus stop as .
| A.a driver | B.a reporter | C.a guide | D.a volunteer |
| A.5 | B.1,200 | C.3,500 | D.100,000 |
| A.calling a taxi for them |
| B.driving them to the right place |
| C.giving them maps or guidebooks to read by themselves. |
| D.telling them the right way or writing the way on a note. |
| A.No other volunteers help Xie Liang now. |
| B.Xie Liang has written some guidebooks on his own. |
| C.People don’t need to pay Xie Liang for asking for directions. |
| D.Xie Liang’s voice is bad because he has to talk with so many people every day. |