Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision,such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in,involves the use of a decision worksheet．Psychologists who study optimization(最佳化)compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are．Advocates of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal,that is,the best decisions．Although there are several variations on the exact format(格式)that worksheets can take,they are ail similar in their essential aspects．Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear way and then listing all possible solutions t0 the problem．Next,the related considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed．and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determineD．ach consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance．A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together．The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision．

　　Since most important problems are multifaceted(多方面的),there are several alternatives to choose from,each with unique advantages and disadvantages．One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember．On the average,people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships．A realistic example for many college students is the question“What will I do after graduation?”A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training,pursue an advanced degree,or travel abroad for a year．A decision-making worksheet begins with a clear statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it．It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones．Focusing on long-range goals,a graduating student might revise the question above to“What will I do after graduation that wilI lead tosuccessful career?”

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Some fifty years ago, I was studying in a middle school in New York．One day, Mrs．O’Neil gave a maths test to our class．When the papers were marked, she found that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes in the test．

　　There is nothing new about cheating in exams．Perhaps that was why Mrs．O’Neil didn't even say one word about it．She only asked the twelve boys to stay after class．I was one of the twelve．

　　Mrs．O’Neil asked no questions, and she didn't scold us, either．Instead, she wrote the following words on the blackboard：On your way home you find some money and you’re completely sure that you will never be found out．Later someone comes to ask you if you have found some money he lost．What will you do?

　　She then ordered us to write down the question, and asked us to take our whole lives to try to find out our own answer to it．

　　I don't know about the other eleven children．Speaking for myself I can say：it was the most important single thing of my life．From then on, I have been asking this question to myself when I have to make a decision．

　　Because of this, Mrs．O’Neil has become the most unforgettable teacher for me in my whole life．I often think of this：if Mrs．O’Neil had scolded us as many other teachers often did, would I go on cheating every day?

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