Question

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision,such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in,involves the use of a decision worksheet．Psychologists who study optimization(最佳化)compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are．Advocates of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal,that is,the best decisions．Although there are several variations on the exact format(格式)that worksheets can take,they are ail similar in their essential aspects．Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear way and then listing all possible solutions t0 the problem．Next,the related considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed．and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determineD．ach consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance．A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together．The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision． 　　Since most important problems are multifaceted(多方面的),there are several alternatives to choose from,each with unique advantages and disadvantages．One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember．On the average,people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships．A realistic example for many college students is the question“What will I do after graduation?”A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training,pursue an advanced degree,or travel abroad for a year．A decision-making worksheet begins with a clear statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it．It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones．Focusing on long-range goals,a graduating student might revise the question above to“What will I do after graduation that wilI lead tosuccessful career?” (1) What does the passage mainly discuss? [　　] A． A tool to assist tn making complex decisions． B． A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions． C． Researcb on how people make decisions． D． Difference between long-range and short-range decision-making． (2) Of the following steps,which occurs before the three other steps in making a decision worksheet? [　　] A． Listing the consequences of each solution B． Calculating a numerical summary of each solution C． Deciding which consequences are most important D． Writing down all possible solutions． (3) According to decision-making worksheet theory,an optimal decision is defined as one that ________． [　　] A． has the fewest variables to consider B． uses the most decision worksheets C． has the most points assigned to it D． is agreed to by the greatest number of people (4) The author develops the discussion in parA．l by means of ________． [　　] A． describing a process B． classifying types of worksheets C． providing historical background D． explaining a theory (5) The author states that“On the average,people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once”in the last paragraph to explain that ________． [　　] A． most decisions involve seven steps B． human mental capacity has limitations C． some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions D． people can keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice

Answer 1

答案：1．A;2．D;3．C;4．A;5．B;
解析：

(1)	主旨大意题。从文章第一段中“one ofthe bestwaystomake animportant decision,such as…,involves the use of a decision worksheet．”可知正确的选项是A。B、C、D均属以偏概全。
(2)	排序题。排序题也属于细节题,必须在原文中找到准确答案。由第一段“Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem”可知应选D。
(3)	推理判断题。根据第一段“Advocates of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal,that is,the best decisions．”和“The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision．”两句可知an optional decision即a best decision，而把所有这些数值相加就能以数学方法来衡量一个决定，得分最高的选项就是最佳决定。
(4)	推理判断题。可用排除法。B项：对决策工作表分类;C项：提供历史背景;D项：解释一种理论。显然都不是作者的写作手法。
(5)	句意理解题。根据“One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision－making procedure is that。it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember．”,作者认为人的大脑有其局限性,对比出动笔写出决策过程的优势。