短文填空

Alice had her first ride on a 　　1　　 when she was 18 years old．They got on in 　　2　　 and got 　　3　　 in Alice Springs．The train was wonderful and the 　　4　　 was great．She enjoyed the 　　5　　 outside of the train．Sometimes she read 　　6　　 and talked to other 　　7　　．At night, she watched the night 　　8　　．The train which she took is called the Ghan．Ghan is 　　9　　 for Afghanistan．In the past, the Afghans used 　　10　　 for traveling a long distance．In the 1920s, the government built a new 　　11　　 line, so they didn’t need the camels any more．

(原创题)根据上下文意思和括号中的提示，在空白处填上合适的词使文章完整、通顺

　　Students in many countries are learning English．Some of these students are small children．　　1　　(six letters)are teenagers．Many are adults(成人)．Some learn at school; others learn 　　2　　(two letters)themselves．A few learn English by 　　3　　(nine letters)to the language over the radio, on TV 　　4　　(two letters)in films．One 　　5　　(four letters)work hard to learn another language．

　　　　6　　(three letters)do all these people want to learn English? It is difficult to 　　7　　(six letters)this question．Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their 　　8　　(eight letters)．Some people learn it because it is useful 　　9　　(three letters)their work．Many people learn English because many of the books are in English．Other people learn English because they want to 　　10　　(four letters)newspapers in English．

语法填空

　　In modern society 1________ is a great deal of argument about competition．Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity．2________ say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship 3________ people．

　　I have taught many children who held the belief 4________ their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills．For them, playing well 5________ winning are often life-and-death affairs．In their single-minded pursuit(追求)of success, the development of many other human qualities 6________ sadly forgotten．

　　However, 7________ some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude．8________ a culture which values only the winner and pays 9________ attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition．10________ the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society．

语法填空

　　Being considered a leader in our society is indeed 1________ high praise．Leadership means power, commands, respect and, 2________ important, encourages achievement．Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down．They must be carefully cultivated．

　　Different 3________ popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born．They learn their skills in their 4________ lives．But which do they develop? How do they(and how can you)get others to follow?

　　Always give credit．Many leaders note that the most efficient way to get a good performance from others is 5________ treat them like heroes．Giving public credit to someone who has earned it 6________ the best leadership technique in the world．It is also 7________ act of generosity(慷慨)that’s never forgotten．

　　Giving credit is 8________ effective than even the most constructive criticism(批评), 9________ often hurts rather than helps．Kenneth Blanchard, the author of The One-Minute Manager, agrees．

　　“Catch people doing something right!” he 10________．Then tell everyone about it．

语法填空

　　Have you ever wondered 1________ birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy．2________ all, you probably sing or whistle when you are happy．

　　Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just 3________ they are happy．However, they sing most of the time for a very different 4________．Their singing is actually a warning to 5________ birds to stay out of their territory．

　　Do you know what a “territory” is? A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims 6________ its own．Only he and his family 7________ welcome there．No other families of the 8________ species are welcome．Your yard and house are your territory 9________ only your family and friends are welcome．If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you, 10________ might shout．Probably this would be enough to frighten him away．

语法填空

　　Animals can move from place to place, 1________ plants cannot．When an animal 2________ under attack, it can run away or fight back．Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws．But plants can defend 3 ________ by using both physical and chemical means．

　　Some plants have their own 4________ to keep animals away．For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines(刺)that discourage grass-eating animals．Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines 5________ leaves on upper branches．This is 6________ the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach．

　　Some plants, 7________ as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat．8________ grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal’s teeth．

　　Many plants also 9________ chemical defenses．Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction．Some plants may fight 10________ an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals．

语法填空

When building houses，people used to think about not only the climate of the areas but 1________ the building materials and the fashions for their houses．2________, since electricity became more and more expensive, people began to pay much more attention 3________ the energy they could get for their houses and the new ways they could find to protect their houses from both cold and heat．

Now, houses of an old yet new type have been widely built．In some parts of the world, people share their houses 4________ their livestock(家畜)．During cold weather, they gather their cows, goats, or other animals and keep them on the first floor of their houses．The reasons are 5________ the animals can be protected from the cold and that they can help to heat the houses as 6________．The body heat 7________ off by the animals rises to the second floor of the houses, 8________ people live．By sharing their houses with their livestock, people gain a source of heat．

House-building becomes 9________ great challenge(挑战)to building designers and energy engineers．They try to meet this challenge by learning from old traditions and by using modern technology．And someday in the future, people will be 10________ to live in more energy-saving houses．