阅读理解

　　We know that many animals do not stay in one place．Bird, fish and other animals move from one place to another at a certain time．They move for different reasons：most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded．

　　When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food．Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed．The most famous migration(迁移)is probably the migration of the fish, which is called“salmon”．This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water．There it spends its life．When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water．Then it gives birth and dies there．In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse．They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded．They move down to the low land．Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea．

　　Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster(龙虾)．Every year, when the season of bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the ocean．Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go．

　　So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other time we don't．Maybe living things just like to travel．

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THE TRUE NORTH“FROM TORONTO TO MONTREAL”

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A TRIP ON“THE TRUE NORTH”

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阅读理解

　　If you are planning to study in the United States, you need to consider several factors(因素)．Everyone has different opinions about the best place to live in．Also, the best places to live in are not always home to the best schools．Finally, many schools specialize in different areas of study．The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for example, is a great school for computer science and technologyrelated fields of study\, However, if you want to study oceanography, your interests may be better served by attending school in a place that is on a coastline or near the ocean．

　　Now I am sure that you know which schools are considered the best in the country．So I will tell you about which states I believe are the best to live in．

　　California is a nice state Northern California specifically has very good weather．Los Angeles in southern California is another story though．Life in L．A．is full of excitement and fast, and sometimes dangerous．As for me．I enjoyed the time I spent in Massachusetts, Virginia and Maryland and these states have a lot of history and culture：The weather is not as perfect as in California, but it is still quite nice．My favorite area of America is the Midwest．Middle America, I think, is home to the true American sense of values．In addition, there are many good universities there．

　　Also, you need to think about your likes and dislikes and then research the various states．You like sunshine and hate snow? Then you probably won't like the Midwest or even the Northeast．Open space, nature and peace and quiet? Then you probably should stay away from America's larger cities．Are you interested in government? Then Washington D．C．is the only place for you．Whatever you decide, put some thought into it．The place where you live could be the difference between a great study abroad experience and a state of great suffering on earth．

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阅读理解

　　When Nancy Lublin received ＄5, 000 from her grandfather in 1996, she never once considered taking a vacation or paying off student loans(贷款)．Instead, the 24-year-old New York University law student began thinking about helping low-income women get better jobs．“If a woman goes for a job interview(面试)poorly dressed, she won't get the job,”Lublin says,“But without a job, she can't afford suitable clothes．”

　　So, with the money Lublin founded“Dress for Success”and began collecting women's clothes which were still in good condition but which their owners no longer needed．“So many women have clothes lying around that they will never wear again．”one of Lublin's assistants says,“Nancy's idea is so simple and yet so important to women．”

　　Many women come to Lublin's office before going to a job interview．Here, they receive a suit, shoes and any other things they need．Since it was set up, more than 1，000 women have turned to“Dress for Success．”for help．Many of them have won jobs．Some have found jobs after being out of work for many years．Jenny, a 32-year-old woman who was recently hired as a law-firm office manager says,“I made a good impression(印象)because of ‘Dress for Success'．”

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阅读理解

　　Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力)．With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence(自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA)in Salt Lake City．The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs(READ)．

　　The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea．“Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,”said Lisa Myron, manager of the children's department．

　　Last November the two groups started“Dog Day Afternoon”in the children's department of the main library．About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour．Those who attended three of the four classes received a“paragraphed”book at the last class．

　　The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager．

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阅读理解

　　If you think a Web site designed especially for complaining(抱怨)sounds unique, then think again．If you have a complaint, there are hundreds of sites that allow you to get it off your chest．Sites exist for complaining about such things as defective(有缺陷的)products, government inefficiency, and offensive advertising．There are even sites where you can complain about anything that bothers you, including love, family, or just the weather．These Web sites won't actually do anything about your problem; they just let you blow off steam．Here's a sampling of complaints people have written．

　　1．Something I can't stand is pencils! They need to be sharpened after every page you write．And then don't you hate it when they start to make a scratching noise?

　　2．Have you ever noticed that in most schools you have chairs with armrests to write on attached to the right-hand side of the chair only? Where are the desk for left handed people? It's very uncomfortable for us“lefties”to use these desks made for right-handed people!

　　3．I see red every time I get my credit card bill from the bank．There's always a check for a large amount attached with an invitation to sign it and spend it on“anything I want．”I have enough sense to tear it up and throw it away, but I bet a lot of people don't．They don't realize that when they use the“free check”, the expense gets put on their credit card bill．Boy, they must be surprised when they get that bill! I think that banks shouldn't be tempting(引诱)people with those checks．

　　4．It isn't fair that the U．S．dominates the Internet! I go to fill in a request for a catalog or a prize or a free offer, and I find it's limited to residents of the United States．I live outside the U．S．, and it's frustrating(使人沮丧的)!

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阅读理解

　　There are no exact differences between physics and other natural sciences because all sciences overlap(重叠), In general, however, physics is the scientific study of forces and qualities such as heat, light, sound, pressure, gravity and electricity, and the ways they affect other objects．

　　One major branch of physics deals with the states of matter-solids, liquids and gases-and with their motions．The pioneer achievements of Galileo, Kepler and Newton dealt with solid masses of matter in motion．Such studies deal with forces acting on moving objects．It is the subject of mechanics and belongs to the branch of mechanics called dynamics, the study of matter in motion．This large topic includes not only the motions of stars and ping-pang balls but also the motions of the water pumped by a fire engine and those of the air passing through the jet engine of an airplane．

　　A branch of mechanics is statics(静力学), the study of matter at rest．The design of buildings and bridges are examples of problems in statics．Other branches of physics are based on the different kinds of energy which interact with matter, They deal with electricity and magnetism(磁力)，heat, light, and sound．From these branches of physics scientists find clues(线索)which have revealed(揭示)the constructions of atoms and how the atoms turn to various kinds of energy．

　　This knowledge is often called the basis of modern physics．Among the many subdivisions(细的分支)of modern physics are electronics and nuclear physics．Physics is closely realated to engineering．A person who uses knowledge of physics in solving everyday problems is often called an engineer．For example, electricity is one of the branches of physics; and an electrical engineer is a man who uses the“natural laws”of electricity to help in designing an electric generator(发电机)．

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A VISIT TO THE MOON

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HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH

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