About three hundred words in the English language come from the names of people. Many of these words are technical words. When there is a new invention or discovery, a new word may be coined after the inventor or scientist.

　　It is interesting to observe how many common words have found their way into the language from the names of people. Lord Sandwich who lived from 1718～1792 used to sit at the gambling（赌博）table eating slices（片）of bread with meat in between. As the Lord was the only one among his friends who ate bread in that way, his friends began to call the bread “sandwich” for fun. Later on the word became part of the English language.

　　The word“boycott”means to refuse to have anything to do with somebody or something. It comes from a man called Captain Boycott. He was a land agent（代理人）in 1880 and he collected rents and taxes for an English landowner in Ireland. His tenants decided not to speak to him at all. Eventually（终于）word got back to the landowner and the Captain was removed. The word “boycott” became popular and was used by everyone to mean the kind of treatment that was received by Captain Boycott.

(1)Lord Sandwich was fond of ________.

[　　]

(2)The tenants did not like ________.

[　　]

(3)When the landowner found out that the tenants were boycotting his land agent, he ________.

[　　]

A．dismissed the Captain

B．praised the Captain and made the word“boycott”popular

C．removed the poor tenants

D．increased the rents and taxes

(4)The writer mainly tells us ________.

[　　]

A．two interesting stories

B．how to use the two words

C．Lord Sandwich and Captain Boycott

D．something about the origin of words

　　There are many commonly held beliefs about eyeglasses and eyesight that are not proved to be facts. For example, some people believe that wearing glasses too soon weakens the eyes. But there is nothing to show that the structure of eyes is changed by wearing glasses at a young age. Wearing wrong glasses. however, can prove harmful. Studies show that only children can develop poor eyesight if they have wrong glasses. We have all heard of some of the myths（荒诞的说法）about how eyesight gets bad. Most people believe that reading in poor light causes poor eyesight, but that is untrue. Too little light makes the eyes work harder so they soon get tired and strained（疲劳）. Eyestrain also results from reading too long, reading in bed, or watching too much television. But, although eyestrain may cause some pains or headaches, it does not harm eyesight directly. Nevertheless, proper lighting, when reading or studying, is essential（基本的）to maintain（保持）good eyesight.

　　Another myth about eyes is that they can be transplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brain. And it is impossible to transplant a whole eyeball to another person. Only certain parts of the eye can be transplanted now. But if we keep clearing up the myths and learning more about the eyes, some day it may be possible to replace a full ball.

(1)This passage mainly tells us that ________.

[　　]

A．people have many wrong beliefs about eyes and eyesight

B．there are many things about the body that are not completely understood

C．there are several causes of eyestrain

D．eyes are important to people

(2)How many wrong beliefs about eyes and eyeglasses are mentioned in the passage? ________

[　　]

(3)Perhaps the author believes that ________.

[　　]

A．people are still learning things about eyesight

B．headaches are usually caused by eyestrain

C．people should wear glasses as soon as possible

D．people only believe things that are proved facts

(4)“commonly held beliefs”in the first sentence means ________.

[　　]

A．ideas that only low-class people believe

B．ideas that most people believe

C．beliefs that have something in common

D．foolish beliefs

(5)What does the word“transplant”mean? ________

[　　]

A．To transport from one place to another.

B．To translate from one part to another part.

C．To move from one part of the body to another.

D．To change one form to another.

　　Today's teenagers, at least in the eyes of the older generation, have no reason to be unhappy. However, a recent survey（调查）aiming at teenagers in 22 provinces shows that 12.97 percent of the people questioned have some sort of mental problems. This originates from quarrelling with people or from pressure with studies, causing depression, constant worry and fear, the survey says.

　　Experts warn that mental problems are becoming an increasingly bigger threat to teenagers, and have resulted in higher rates of smoking, drug taking and over-drinking among youth.

　　Today's teenagers are faced with tougher challenges in study and employment. As an only child in a family, young people bear higher expectations from their parents.

　　Living under such great pressure makes teenagers susceptible to mental problems. On the other hand, teachers and parents tend to focus their attentions on academic performances, but take no notice of their feelings.

　　Mental problems, if not addressed properly will greatly influence the quality of the country's talent（人才）. It is estimated（估计）that by the year 2020, mental illness will increase to one fourth of the total cases of illness from the present one fifth.

　　The survey should ring alarm bells to schools and parents, and efficient measures must be taken to ensure the health of our teenagers-both physically and mentally.

　　School should build up a contingent（可能的事件）of professional personnel to give students regular checkups and consultations（咨询）on their mental health.

　　Parents are encouraged to make friends with their children so that they are willing to and dare to share their problems with parents.

(1)The author's purpose in writing the text is ________.

[　　]

A．to settle the teenagers' mental problems

B．to blame the teachers and parents for the teenagers' mental problem

C．to tell us the reasons for the problem

D．to analyze（分析）the problem which is important to teenagers

(2)The survey says the teenagers have mental problems because ________.

[　　]

A．their quarrels with others or pressure with studies cause depression, constant worry and fear

B．their parents give too high expectations to them

C．their teachers and parents don't pay much attention to their feelings

D．they are not given regular checkups and consultations on their mental health

(3)It can be inferred that ________.

[　　]

A．mental illness is one fifth of the total cases of illness now

B．all parents are not friends of their children who'd like to share problems with them

C．mental problems are becoming more and more dangerous to young people

D．parents think there is no reason for the teenagers not to be happy

(4)The author's attitude towards the problem can be described as ________.

[　　]

(5)“susceptible”in Paragraph 4 is close in meaning to ________.

[　　]

A．likely to feel a strong effect from

B．doubtful

C．afraid of something to happen

D．against

　　What do you do if you are hit in the mouth and one of your teeth is knocked out? A dentist may be able to put the tooth back in for you, but you have to get to the dentist first. In the meantime, you have to store the tooth so that it will stay healthy.

　　The simplest thing to do is to put the tooth back into your mouth, or you could put it in milk. Frank Courts, a dentist at the University of Florida, worked with other researchers to find the safest way of keeping knocked-out teeth. He tried putting teeth into milk, into water, and into cell-culture medium（细胞培养液）. He also tried just drying the teeth in the open air. He used teeth that had to be removed from people’s mouths for various reasons. The teeth were put into one of the solutions（溶液）or stored in the air for one hour. Then cells from the root of the teeth were scraped off the teeth. Dr Courts and the others then studied how healthy these cells were.

　　The cell-culture medium worked best to keep a knocked-out tooth healthy outside the mouth. However, few people keep cell-culture medium handy at home or in school. The next best thing was milk. But Dr Courts said that the best thing of all was to wash the tooth and put it right back into its socket（牙槽）in the mouth. For some people, though, this is just too painful or upsetting. So milk will do, until you get your tooth (and your mouth) to a dentist.

(1) This passage is mainly about ________.

[　　]

A．how a dentist can save a knocked-out tooth

B．how to keep a knocked-out tooth healthy

C．how Dr Courts and other researchers made their experiments

D．how to put a knocked-out tooth back into its socket

(2) Dr Courts tested ________.

[　　]

A．man-made teeth

B．teeth dried in the open air

C．teeth pulled for various reasons

D．teeth put back in their sockets

(3) The best way to keep a knocked-out tooth healthy outside the mouth is to store it _______.

[　　]

A．in cell-culture medium

B．in milk

C．in water

D．in the open air

(4) Milk can be used instead of Call-culture medium to put a knocked-out tooth in because ________.

[　　]

A．milk works better to keep the tooth healthy

B．milk causes less pain

C．cell-culture medium is not usually handy

D．cell-culture medium is more expensive

　　I hear many parents say that their teenagers（十几岁的少年）are too independent. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out bravely on their own, most of them are trying to seize at one another’s hands for safety.

    They say they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But the reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon（蚕茧）?--into a larger cocoon.

　　It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly opened up a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from newspapers and TV what a teenager should have and be. And many of today’s parents have come to award（奖励）high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to great difficulty for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path.

　　But the difficulty is worth getting over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical（古典的）music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don’t care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come—with the people who respect you for who you are. That’s the only kind of popularity that really counts.

(1) The writer’s purpose in writing this text is to tell ________.

[　　]

A．readers how to be popular in the world

B．teenagers how to learn to decide things for themselves

C．parents bow to control and guide their children

D．people how to understand and respect each other

(2) Teenagers should ________, according to the text.

[　　]

A．rebel against their parents

B．find their real self

C．become different from others in as many ways as possible

D．obey what their parents say

(3) Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?

[　　]

A．People will respect you if you share your thought with others.

B．Some parents are actually keeping their children from finding their own paths.

C．It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates.

D．Most teenagers say they want to do what they like to, but in fact they are not doing the same.

(4) What does the underlined word“counts”mean?

[　　]

A．To recite or list numbers.

B．To have value or importance.

C．To share some thoughts.

D．To be different.

　　The worst danger is a house on fire when people are asleep. Always be ready to leave through a window into the garden by making sure you can open it if necessary. If you should be on holiday in a tall building or hotel, make sure you know where the fire escape（太平梯）is. When you can’t find any way out, try to find pieces of cloth and make a rope to get out of a window to safety. If you smell burning in your home, get out right away. If you can’t breathe properly because of smoke on your way out, crawl（爬行）on your hands and knees because smoke rises and the air will be cleaner near the floor. Smoke is a killer and more people have died from breathing it in than actually being burnt.

　　Fire in a cinema, hall or public place often means people pushing to reach a door. Keep your head up with arms up in front of your chest. This protects your chest and gives you the best chance to breathe. Above all, don’t get frightened!

(1) When a tall building is on fire, people _______.

[　　]

A．can leave by coming down the fire escape

B．should first check the room windows

C．had better find a long rope

D．must lie down on the floor at once

(2) People can leave a burning house through a window if ________.

[　　]

A．there is smoke in the room

B．there is no other way out

C．they can’t breathe properly

D．they want to put out the fire

(3) In a room filled with smoke you’d better crawl on the floor because ________.

[　　]

A．you won’t get burnt

B．the floor is cleaner

C．there is less smoke near the floor

D．you won’t breathe in any smoke

(4) There are several things to do to keep one safe. Which of the following is NOT talked about in the passage?

[　　]

A．Leave the house right away when you smell burning.

B．Get out of the house by crawling on the floor.

C．Raise you head and keep your chest from being hurt.

D．Rush out of the house, dressed in wet clothes.

(5) Which of the following is NOT true?

[　　]

A．In a fire, more deaths are caused by smoke.

B．The most important thing is not to be frightened in a fire.

C．When a public place is on fire, people usually push to leave.

D．Be ready to leave a burning house through a window if there is a garden down below.

　　If you see someone drowning（溺水）, speed is very important. Once you get him out of water, if he isn’t breathing, you have four minutes before his brain is completely damaged. Support his neck, tilt（使翘起）his chin upwards. This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn’t work, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. Close his nose with your fingers. Open your mouth wide and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest rises, and then remove your mouth and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until professional（专业的）help arrives.

　　To bring a child back to life, keep your mouth around his mouth and nose and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible. If the blood starts turning blue gray color, and you can feel no pulse.（脉搏）, then pressing his chest is the last chance of saving his life.

　　With arms straight, rock（摇动）forward, pressing down on the lower half of the ribs（肋骨）. Don’t be too hard, or you may break a rib. Check the result of your effort by seeing if his color improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing, or you must continue until rescue arrives.

(1) To bring a child back to life, we usually ________.

[　　]

A．blow into his mouth first

B．press his chest hard immediately

C．call for an ambulance first

D．check his color and pulse first

(2) Once you get a drowning man out of the water, if he isn’t breathing, you must first ________.

[　　]

A．get him breathing again

B．take him to the nearest hospital as soon as possible

C．find someone to help you

D．call the First Aid Centre

(3) In the last paragraph, the word“rescue”means ________.

[　　]

(4) If the drowning boy has no pulse, ________.

[　　]

A．pressing his chin upwards is enough to get him breathing

B．blowing air into his mouth is sure to save his life

C．pressing his nostrils together with your fingers can work

D．pressing is the last chance of saving his life

(5) Which of the following statements is true?

[　　]

A．If a man does not breathe for four minutes, his brain will be completely destroyed.

B．If you see someone drowning, you must give him mouth-to-mouth breathing.

C．Don’t stop pressing his chest, if the drowning man starts breathing again.

D．When pressing, you can do it as hard as you can.

(6) This passage is mainly about ________.

[　　]

A．how to save people out of the water

B．how to give first aid to people who are drowning

C．how to do mouth-to-mouth breathing

D．how to save a child from a river

　　An old Indian story says that the game of chess（国家象棋）was invented by Sissa Ben, Prime Minister of King Shirham. As soon as the invention was finished, he gave it to the king, who was glad and asked him what he would like to have in return. To the king’s surprise, what Sissa wanted seemed very little.“Your Majesty,”said the minister, kneeling in front of the king.“I want nothing but some wheat. Please put a grain of wheat on the first square of the chessboard（棋盘）, two on the second, four on the third, eight on the fourthand so on, doubling the number for each following square, give me enough grains to cover the 64 squares of the chessboard.”

　　“You don’t ask for much, my honest servant. You might have asked for gold or money,”said the king and then ordered a bag of wheat brought to the palace.

　　But when the counting began, with one grain for the first square, two for the second, four for the third, and so on, the bag was emptied before the 20th square. More bags were brought, but the number of grain needed for the following squares increased so rapidly that the king soon realized that he was not able to keep his promise even with all the crops in the whole India! In fact, he would have needed 8 466 744 073 709 511 615 grains, which would be as much as that they would produce in about 2000 years!

　　Now the king found himself keep in debt to his minister. He had either to face the terrible trouble all his life or to cut off Sissa’s head, which, it is said, he finally chose.

(1) This story tells us ________.

[　　]

A．how cruel the king was

B．how clever the minister was

C．Sissa was a famous mathematician

D．how the game of chess came into being

(2) According to the story, the game of chess was invented by an ________.

[　　]

A．American Indian

B．ancient Indian official

C．Indian king

D．Indian officer

(3) The king was glad to know that Sissa only wanted some wheat because ________.

[　　]

A．wheat was not expensive

B．it didn’t seem much

C．Sissa was honest to him

D．both A and B

(4) A bag of wheat was enough for ________.

[　　]

A．19 squares

B．one third of the squares

C．the first 19 squares

D．20 squares

　　Daily at this time we shall speak to you about America and the war. The news may be good or bad. We shall tell you the truth.

February 24,1942

　　Those words were from the Voice of America’s first broadcast during World War Ⅱ. Today more than 80 million listeners tune in every day. The broadcast network is the largest in the world and reaches millions of listeners in Africa, in English, French, Hausa, Portuguese, and Swahili. The program is broadcast in Spanish and Portuguese for Central and South America. The Middle East receives its news in Arabic and Parsi, South Asia picks up signals in Bengali, Hindi, and Urdu. The Russian-language service is on 14 hours a day.

　　All of the broadcasts come from the Voice of America headquarters（总部）in Washington D．C．. Visitors can push a red button outside any of the twenty-five glass-walled studios and listen to the broadcasts, in Hindi, that Indian citizens are listening to at that very moment in India.

　　In addition to news broadcasts, the Voice of America sends out interviews and a wide variety of programs. For example, special broadcasts in easy English are written for students of English as a foreign language. Among the most popular features（特色）of the Voice of America are the musical programs which offer every kind of music from Bach to Rock.

The Voice of America is the official voice of the United States government, but it presents opposing opinions as well. To give an objective analysis（客观分析）of the news, the station gets advice from newspapers, news services, reporters, and correspondents（通讯员）from all over the world.

(1) According to the text, the Voice of America broadcast ________ during World War Ⅱ.

[　　]

A．only good news

B．only bad news

C．the real news

D．uncertain news

(2) It can be inferred that South Asian people speak ________.

[　　]

A．Arabic and Chinese

B．Swahili and Spanish

C．Hindi and Parsi

D．Hindi, Urdu and Bengali

(3) If the visitors want to listen to the broadcast in Hindi, they ________.

[　　]

A．need to understand 25 languages

B．need to push a button

C．have to learn English

D．have to be Indian Citizens

(4) From the text we know that _________.

[　　]

A．the Voice of America presents different kinds of opinions

B．it was not during the World War Ⅱ that the Voice of America started broadcasting

C．not only newspapers but also news services ask the Voice of America for help

D．the most popular program presented by the Voice of America is the English course

　　The human nose has given to the language of the world many interesting expressions. Of course, this is not surprising. Without the nose we could not breathe or smell. It is the part of the face that gives a person special character. Cyrano De Bergerac said that a large nose showed a great man-brave, polite, manly, and bright. A famous woman poet wished that she had two noses to smell. Blaise Pascal, a French philosopher（哲学家）made an interesting comment about Cleopatra’s nose. If it had been shorter, he said, it would have changed the whole face of the world. Historically, man’s nose has had an important role in his imagination. Man has referred to the nose in many ways to express his feelings. Expressions about the nose refer to human weakness, anger, pride, jealousy（嫉妒）and revenge（报复）. In English there are a number of phrases about the nose. For example,“to hold up one’s nose”expresses a basic human feeling—pride. People can hold up their noses at people, things and places. On the other hand, a person who follows his nose, lets his instinct guide him.

　　For the human emotion of rejection, the phrase“to have one’s nose put out of joint”is very descriptive. The expression applies to persons who have been turned aside because of a competitor. Their pride is hurt and they feel rejected. This expression is not new. It was used by Erasmus in 1542.

　　This is only a sampling of expressions in English dealing with the nose. There are a number of others. However, it should be as plain as the nose on your face that the nose is more than an organ for breathing and smelling.

(1) This passage is about ________.

[　　]

A．the human nose, an organ for breathing and smelling

B．the nose giving various expressions

C．a woman poet’s wish to have two noses

D．interesting comments made on Cleopatra’s nose

(2) According to Blaise Pascal,“Cleopatra’s nose”________.

[　　]

A．did change the whole face of the world

B．should be shorter

C．represented her powerful character

D．had been cut shorter

(3)“To hold up one’s nose”is an expression of ________.

[　　]

(4) A man who is described as“to have one’s nose put out of joint”________.

[　　]

A．is happy

B．wants to sell a flower

C．is ill

D．feels hurt and rejected

(5) When you say it is“as plain as the nose on your face”, you mean ________.

[　　]

A．it is easy to solve

B．it is hard to crack

C．it is something quite easy to understand

D．there is plain-looking nose on your face