For Earth Week in April 1971, officials of the Bronx Zoo in New York arranged an unusual exhibit -- a graveyard． Each headstone bore the name of a land animal that man has caused to become extinct． Though the exhibit covered only the years since 1600, there were 225 headstones Man's victims include the Cape lion, the great auk, and the passenger pigeon．

　　A notice posted at the edge of the graveyard explained what it represented． The second paragraph made the meaning clear．

　　"In the past, miners carried canaries with them into a mine． If the canaries died, the men knew the mine contained poisonous gas． Today many species of wild animals are on the verge of dying out, thus warning that the earth is becoming unsuitable for life． If we can save other species from becoming extinct, we might also save ourselves．"

　　Near the headstone marked Choiseul Crested Pigeon was placed a headstone lettered Man． Above the word was carved a large question mark．

1．The exhibit represented animals made extinct by______．

A．changes in climate B．the world's population explosion C． sportsmen D． man

2．Its range in time was______．

A．A． D． 1 to the present　　 B．A． D． 225 to the present

C．from 1600 till now　　 D．from 1750 till now

3． The number of victims of extinction was______．

A． 225　　B． 255　　C． 525　　D． 552

4．The author does not say that the______．

A．Cape lion lived in AfricaB．great auk lived on northern coasts of the Atlantic

C．passenger pigeon lived in North America　　D．All of the above

5．In mines, canaries were useful because they______．

A．were little affected by soot-filled air B． were quickly killed by poisonous gas

C．could warn of rock falls D． All of the above

6．The main purpose in telling of the canaries was to show that______．

A．mining is dangerous workB． their dying warned of danger to men

C．canaries are on the verge of dying out　　 D． polluted air can kill

7．The main message of the notice is that______．

A．man is an animal

B．other species have helped man

C．saving other species from extinction may save man

D．Earth has now become unsuitable for most species

8．The headstone for man is meant to emphasize that his species______．

A．is in danger of becoming extinct　　 B．will become extinct within thirty years

C．deserves to join those he has killed　　D．Both B and C

　　A superstition about moles says that when a woman is frightened before the birth of her child, the child will have a mole on his body． The mole is often supposed to have the outline of the thing that frightened the mother! In fact, no one knows why moles appear or how to prevent them．

　　The average number of moles a person has is fourteen． Moles can appear on almost any part of the body, including the scalp． A mole is a tissue growth． Blood vessels, cells containing pigment, hair-follicle cells, or connective tissue can form moles． Therefore moles can be of different types．

　　As most moles never cause any health hazard, it is best to leave them alone． But when a mole is irritated or injured, it is better to have it removed． Moles on the soles and palms are subject to irritation． They should be removed before the person reaches teen age． And any mole that shows an increase in size, or a change in color, or that scales, itches, or bleeds should also be surgically removed．

1．According to the superstition, a cat shaped mole proves that a person's mother______．

A．is scared of all cats B．was frightened by a cat C． hates cats D．likes some cats

2．According to the article, no one has yet discovered______．

A．why moles appear B． how to prevent moles C． what moles are D． Both A and B

3．If the superstition about moles were true, most women before giving birth would suffer about______．

A． 4 frights　　 B．14 frights　　 C．24 frights　　 D．34 frights

4．A mole on the scalp is probably a_____．

A．common occurrence B． beauty mark C．Either A or B D．Neither A nor B

5．All moles grow from_____．

A．blood vessels B．pigment cells C． tissue D．hair follicles

6．You would probably have a mole removed if its location were the_____．

A． waistline B． back　　C． abdomen D． leg

7．It is wise to have moles removed if they_____．

A．change in color B． increase in size C． start to bleed D． Any of the above

8．The author does not say it is wise to remove moles that______．

A．are on the soles of the feet B． are on the palms of the hands

C．disfigure the faceD． start to itch

　　One of the most fearsome animals on earth is a two-inch worm． Part of its Latin name is montivindictus -- "defender of the mountain．" Its territory is in the Himalayas of Asia, at altitudes from four thousand to six thousand feet． People who travel in the rainy season or on a dewy night dread its attack．

　　The worm is a leech -- a bloodsucker． It is drawn to its prey, human or animal, by the movement of plant stems or the vibrations of the earth． By lengthening itself to become thinner, it can pass through eyelets in shoes or gaps between threads in socks． Then it fastens itself to the body of its victim by a cup-like sucker． It remains fastened after its three rows of teeth have cut slits through which blood is drawn． A chemical produced by the leech's glands keeps the blood from clotting．

　　The human victim of the leech is able to remove it, though with some difficulty． Animals that are attacked are less fortunate． For horses, cattle, and dogs, the result can be madness, blindness, or even death．

1．The Latin name of this leech suggests that Himalayan travelers find it to be______．

A． a guide　　 B． an enemy　　　　C． a servantD． a pet

2．The account suggests that leeches do not like_____．

A．the rainy season B． dewy nights C．dry, bright weather D．Both A and B

3．Leeches know a victim is near because of_____．

A．the movement of plant stems B．vibrations of the ground

C．a change in air pressure　　 D．Both A and B

4．A leech changes in length when it______．

A．passes through narrow openings B．passes through inch-wide openings

C．climbs plant stalks　　D． knows a victim is near

5．The author does not state that a leech has______．

A． ears　　 B．a cup-like sucker

C．three rows of teeth　　 D．chemical-producing glands

6．In order, three stages of the leech's attack are_____．

A．cutting, fastening, sucking B．fastening, cutting, sucking

C．stinging, sucking, fastening D．fastening, sucking, stinging

7． It seems likely that the leech will itself let go when______．

A．its victim's blood clotsB． the slits in the skin close up

C．it has all the blood it wants　　 D． Both A and B

8．Implied but not stated:

A．Men have no difficulty in removing leeches．

B．Monkeys' paws, like men's hands, can pull off the leeches．

C．Animal victims of the leech are less fortunate than men．

D．Animals unable to remove the leeches suffer most．

　　Some skyscrapers now being built will have built-in devices to help firemen in rescuing people from top floors． Steel bars, much like the rails trains run on, are firmly attached to the outer walls． The rails run straight up the walls between rows of windows．

　　During a fire alert at a skyscraper with this device, a special fire engine will arrive． Instead of an extension ladder, the engine will carry a light metal box． On its front is a window;on the back are a door opening and four special wheels． An electric motor that turns the wheels receives its supply of power from the fire engine through a long cable．

　　The firemen handle the box so that the wheels grip two adjacent rails on the building． The motor is switched on． The box, with a fireman inside, runs up the wall of the skyscraper where people await rescue at the windows．

1．Built-in devices on skyscrapers are meant to help people awaiting rescue from_______．

A．elevators or lifts B．television towers

C．the upper floors D．the lower floors

2．Steel rails for the device must be attached_______．

A． firmly　　B． straight up the walls C． straight across the walls　　D． Both A and B

3．The distance between the two rails used during a rescue is_______．

A． six feet B． eight feet C． exactly the width of the windows D． The article does not say．

4．The special equipment for a skyscraper rescue is_______．

A．an extension ladder B．a light metal box C． a very long hose D． grappling irons

5．The rescue equipment grips the rails by_______．

A．steel hooks　　B． two special wheels

C．four special wheels　　　　D． The article does not say．

6．The power moving the equipment up the rails is________．

A． steam　　B． electricity　　C． gravity　　 D． human energy

7．When it is moving, the equipment is handled by______．

A．one fireman B．two firemen C．several firemen　　D．None of the above

8．The article does not state that________．

A．extension ladders cannot reach the top of a skyscraper

B．the door opening of the rescue equipment is in line with the windows

C．the cable unwinds from a drum on the fire engine

D．Any of the above

　　The entire family of rays is well armed． The eagle ray's tail has teeth sharp enough to cut off a man's arm． The gray ray can snap its seven-foot tail like a whip． The torpedo ray discharges an electrical current strong enough to knock a man down．

　　The stingray has a barb or spine in its tail, with teeth along the edge． At the base of the teeth is a poison gland． When the flexible tail swings upward, the spine can cause a painful wound almost as dangerous as a poisonous snakebite．

　　A stingray has been known to lash out so savagely with its tail that the spine sank into an oar two feet above the water． Another ray pierced a boat． One fisherman attacked by a ten-foot ray was struck with such force that the barb went right through his leg, bone and all．

1．Details in the selection prove that rays are________．

A．intelligent　　 B．well nourished C．well armed D． huge

2．The main protection of the torpedo ray is its______．

A．light weight B． speed of movement C． ten-foot tail　　D． electric current

3． The stingray is protected by ________．

A．a spine in its tail B．poison in the spine

C．Both A and B　　D．Neither A nor B

4．The stingray's protection is like that of______．

A． a tiger B． a rattlesnake C．a kangaroo D． an eagle

5．One stingray's spine_______．

A．pierced right through a boat B． sank a boat

C．Both A and B　　D．Neither A nor B

6．The fisherman tangled with a ray that______．

A．broke his oar in two B． lifted the boat out of the water

C．pierced his leg bone D． All of the above

7．The author's purpose in the third paragraph is to show the strength of the stingray's_______．

A． barb B． poison C． battery D．All of the above

8．The author bases his story on_____．

A． guesses B． examples C． figures D．None of the above

　　Harold Bate, a British inventor, fuels his car with pigs' manure． But any animal waste will do -- dogs', cats', goats', horses', chickens'． Harold's recipe for fuel is simple． He shovels the manure into his methane gas extractor, mixes it with straw and water, and lets the methane bubble through． Then he bottles the fuel, connects the bottle with the special gas converter in his car, and off he goes． The fuel produces no smell or air pollution． It's cheap too． But the British seem to have little interest in it．

　　In America, however, Harold has become something of an antipollution folk hero． He gets about fifty letters a week from Americans asking for gas converters． One family wrote to say they'd bought fifteen hens and a goat． Would this give them enough manure, and what kind of car should they buy? "A Cadillac," Harold wrote back． "They run very well on goats' manure．"

1．This article is mainly about the________．

A．danger of pollution to society B．difference between Britain and America

C．clever use of a waste product D．various types of automobile fuel

2．First the gas is________．

A． converted B． bottled C． extracted D． burned

3．The fuel is converted while it is in the________．

A． barnyard B． shovel C． extractor D． car

4．The fuel is good because it doesn't________．

A．pollute the air B． smell C． cost much D．All of the above

5．The British aren't interested in the fuel because it is________．

A．hard to obtain B． expensive C． dirty D．The article does not say．

6．The Americans are interested in the fuel because it________．

A．could help solve a pollution problem B． is made by a British inventor

C．burns very quickly　　　　D． The article does not say．

7．Interested people ask Harold to send them_________．

A． goats B．converters C． extractors D． cars

8．The article suggests that the new fuel is used mainly by________．

A． Canadians B． Americans C． aircraft pilots D． automobile manufacturers

　　When a housewife wants to turn her bedroom around to face the sun, she can do it at the press of a button． A New Zealand inventor recently perfected the world's first prefabricated revolving house． The inventor, Peter Lester, has protected his idea by taking out a patent on it．

　　The first home built to his design is in Rotorua, New Zealand． The cost of the model is close to that of an ordinary home with the same floor space - 1800 square feet． The main house revolves like a wheel above the basement, which remains stationary． The plastic roof is semitransparent and softens the light． Roof blinds in each room are controlled by an electronic system．

　　The revolving house will be suitable in any climate． In hot zones the home can turn to a shady side for coolness, or it can rotate, at one revolution every four minutes, to catch as much breeze as possible．

1．The article states that Mr． Lester's invention is the world's first_______．

A．prefabricated house B．revolving house

C．prefabricated revolving house　　 D．prefabricated stationary house

2．According to the article, the inventor's patent protects the________．

A．idea for the invention　　B．materials used in prefabrication

C．model home D．electronic system

3．Compared with an ordinary home of the same size, the cost of the model home is_______．

A． much less B． about the same　　 C． slightly higher D． much higher

4．The feature mentioned in the article that may be found in an ordinary house is________．

A．a stationary kitchen B．a stationary basement

C．an electronically controlled heating system D．an air-conditioning system

5．The article describes the effect on light of the________．

A．plastic roof B． plate-glass windows　　C．french doors D． air shafts

6．The article implies that_______．

A．the plastic roof allows full sunlight to pass through

B．an electronic system controls roof blinds

C．the purpose of the electronic system is to control the amount of light entering

D．electronic systems often go out of order

7．The author explains how the house can be revolved in_______．

A．desert lands B．cold climates C．temperate zones D． hot zones

8．The time given for one revolution of the house is

A．three minutes B．four minutes C． six minutes D． ten minutes

　　A hermit crab that has found an empty shell for its new home may share its dwelling． It chooses a sea anemone to settle on top of the shell． This flower-like animal's usual home is on a rock．

　　The sea anemone gains by the partnership． As it rides on the shell, it has a better chance of getting food． Pieces of food torn by the crab as it dines may also reach the anemone's mouth．

　　The crab profits in its turn． Its enemies find the crab harder to see and to attack． Around the anemone's mouth are tiny arms called tentacles． These shoot out threads that poison and even kill．

　　A hermit crab sometimes becomes a "two gun" wanderer． It carries an anemone on each claw of its first pair of legs．

1．The crab in this partnership is the______．

A．spider crab B． fiddler crab C． hermit crab D． sponge crab

2．Its partner is described as________．

A．a sea plantB． a sea flower

C．an animal-like flower D． a flower-like animal

3．The crab's partner lives________．

A．inside the shell　　 B．on top of the shell

C．on a nearby rock　　D．None of the above

4．The sea anemone gains because it has a better__________．

A．supply of food B．place to hide

C．Both A and B D． Neither A nor B

5．The crab gains because it is________．

A．better hidden from its enemies　　B． protected by the anemone's tentacles

C．Both A and B　　　　D．Neither A nor B

6．A "two-gun" crab is protected by________．

A．two anemones settled on its shell　　 B．an anemone on each fore claw

C．an anemone on each of its hindmost pair of legs D． two guns

7．In the crab-anemone relationship, the two animals______．

A．both profit while living together B．work together only now and then

C．try to harm each other D．each use tentacles against enemies

　　Scientists in the United States are trying to breed a tree that will be ideal for city life． They say that in many cities the air is so filled with poisons that the plain, old-fashioned tree is doomed to disappear like the dodo．

　　The ideal city tree must have shallow roots． Roots that go down too far get in the way of underground pipes． It must have fairly short branches． Branches that reach too high interfere

with overhead lines． The custom-made tree must not drop messy fruit on people's heads, either．

　　But most important, the ideal tree for the city must be tough． It must be so tough that insects can't harm it． It must resist disease． And it must be able to withstand the effects of the pollution in the air．

1 ．According to the story, a new type of tree is needed in many_______．

A．farming areas B． cities C． deserts D． forests

2．Some scientists say old-fashioned city trees are like dodos because they_____．

A．look very plain　　 B． will soon die out

C．need too much water D． can resist poisons

3．The writer says that the ideal city tree would not_______．

A．damage property　　 B． need water　　 C． drop leaves　　D． Both A and B

4．Compared with many old-fashioned trees, the new trees would be_______．

A． prettier B． greener C． smaller D． weaker

5． Ideal city trees would probably bear________．

A．prickly fruit B． messy fruit　　C． heavy fruit D． no fruit

6．The last paragraph tells______．

A．why the ideal tree must be tough B．how scientists make trees tough

C．when the ideal tree will be ready D．what a tough tree looks like

7．Scientists might never have started developing ideal city trees if______．

A．the air hadn't become so polluted B．water had been easier to supply

C．fruit hadn't been in demand　　　　D．birds hadn't left the cities