阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项。

　　One of the greatest killers in the Western world is heart dis— ease．The death rate（率）from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years．Today in Britain,for example,about four hundred people a day die ofheart disease．Medical experts know that people can reduce their chances of get ting heart disease by exercising regularly,by not smoking,by changing their diets,and by paying more attention to reducing stress（压力）in their work．

　　However,Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the disease．There is a need for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart disease,lntead of supporting such programs,however,the US health-care system is spending large sums of money on the surgical（外科的）treatment of the disease after it develops．This emphasis（强调）ontreatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen years．In this time,modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques．Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky（有风险的）a few years ago are now performed every day in us hospitals．The result has been a huge increase in heart surgery．

　　Although there is on doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people,some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvan— tages．First．it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention．Second,it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise．After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is nec-essary for modern heart surgery,theymust try to recover the money they have spent．To do this,they raise costs for all their patients,not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment．The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgery-even on patients for whom an operation is unnecessary-because the equipment and expert skills are there．A government office recently stated that major heart surgery was often performed even though its chances of success were low．In one type of heart surgery,for example,only 15 percent of patients improved their conditions after the surgery．However,more than 100,000．of these operations are performed in the United States every year．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项。

　　Parents should stop blaming themselves because there's not a lot they can do about it．I mean the teenager（十几岁的孩子）problem．Whatever you do or however you choose to deal with it,at certain times a wonderful,reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal．

　　I've seen friends deal with it in all kinds of different ways．One strict mother insisted that her son,right from a child,should stand up whenever anyone entered the room,open doors and shake hands like a gentleman．I saw him last week when I called round．Sprawling himself（懒散地躺）on the sofa in full length,he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV he was watching as I walked in,and his greeting was nomore than a quick glance at me．His mother was ashamed．“Idon't know what to do with him these days,”she said．“He'sforgotten all the manners we taught him．”

　　He hasn't forgotten them．He's just decided that he's not going to use them．She confessed（坦白）that she wouldlike to come up behind him and throw him down from the sofa onto the floor．

　　Another good friend of mine let her two daughters climb all over the furniture,reach across the table,stare at me and say,“I don't like your dress;it's ugly．”One of the daughters has recently been driven out of school．The other has left home．

　　“Where did we go wrong?”her parents are now very sad．Probably nowhere much．At least,no more than the rest of that unfortunate race,parents．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项。

　　If you want to be a success,study at the University of Waikato is right for you．The university is internationally recognised for its excellence and achievements．It will help you develop advanced research skills．As a university student you can get firstclass research facilities（设施）with trained teachers to help,support and advise you in your study．We pride ourselves on our high standards,our research success and our international recognition．For further information,inf@waikato．ac．nz．

　　Degree

　　We offer a wide choice of bachelor's degrees（学士学位）for international students,which includes:Arts,Communication Studies,Social Sciences,etc．Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Education are only for New Zealand citizens．For further information,deg@waikato．ac．nz．

　　Tuition Fees（学费）

　　Tuition fees are different from department to department,generally from $ 5000to $ 6000 a year．For further information:tui@waikato．ac．nz．

　　Accommodation（住宿）

　　You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat,which will cost about $ 100 a month with other regular living costs of about $ 150a month for one person．For further information：acc@waikato．ac．nz．

　　Health

　　The Student Health Service provides excellent medical services for students．The Medical Centre is open five days a week,including student holidays with four doctors and nurses to meet your medical needs．For further information:heal@waikato．Ac．nz．

　　Sports

　　The Centre is a great place to have sports activities．Trained exercise teachers can help you work out a training plan and keep you active．The sports hall has volleyball,has ketball and indoor football courts and a swimming pool as well．There are also a large number of sports clubs at Waikato．For further information：sportn@waikato．ac．nz．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项。

　　Handshaking,though a European practise,is now often seen in big cities of China．Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe．It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met,they showed their unarmed（无武器的）hands to each other as a sign of goodwill．As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly,people in cities began to clap each other's hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement．This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other．“Let's shake(hands)on it”sometims means agreement reached．

　　Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet?No．Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite．It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party,especially when it is a woman,shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or her．Even if,for politeness,he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand,just touch it slightly．There is generally a misunderstanding（误解）among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straight forward,while the Chinese are rather reserved（保守）in manner．But in fact some people in western countries are more reserved than some Chinese today．So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项。

　　When I was small and my grandmother died,I couldn't understand why I had no tears．But that night when my dad tried to cheer me up,my laugh turned into crying．

　　So it came as no surprise to learn that researchers believe crying and laughing come from the same part of the brain．Just as laughing has many health advantages,scientists are discovering that so,too,does crying．

　　Whatever it takes for us to reduce pressure is important to our emotional（情感的）health,and crying seems to workwell．One study found that 85 percent of women and 73 percent of men report feeling better after crying．

　　Besides,tears attract help from other people．Researchers agree that when we cry,people around us become kinder and friendlier and they are more ready to provide support and comfort．Tears also enable us to understand our emotions better;sometimes we don't even know we're very sad until we cry．We learn about our emotions through crying,and then we can deal with them．

　　Just as crying can be healthy,not crying-holding back tears of anger,pain or suffering— can be bad for physical（身体的）health．Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure,heart problems and some other illnesses．If you have a health problem,doctors will certainly not ask you to cry．But when you feel like crying,don't fight it．It's a natural— and healthy— emotional response（反应）．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项。

　　More American people take their troubles with them on holiday,according to a new survey．Although 40 percent said that the main reason for going away is to escape pressure（压力）from work,almost all said they worry more than they do at home．Only four in every 100 said that they are happy and free of care．

　　The most common worry is burglary（入室盗窃）,withfour out of 10 worrying about their homes being broken into while thay're abroad．More than a quarter fear they will feel crazy with some other noisy and rough holiday-makers and 22 percent worry they may be attacked or their possessions will be missing．One in five think the car may break down,and the same number worry about the chances of bad weather．

　　The survey also showed that the stay-at-home Americans are no more．Three out of every five want to have a holiday abroad,a great increase from the figures only three years ago．The hotel holiday is still a winner,with about one third of all American preferring to go on a self-catering（自助）holiday．

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　　Having returned from her round trip,the angry woman stood outside the ticket office of the station．“The railway owes me ￡ 12,”she said to Harry Jenks,the young man working at the office．“You sold me a ticket for May 22nd,but there was no ship from Jersey that night．So my daughter and I had to stay in a hotel．It cost me ￡ 12．”

　　Harry was worried．He remembered selling the woman a return ticket．“Come into the office,Madam,”he said politely．“I'll just check the Jersey timetable for May 22nd．”

　　The woman and her little girl followed him inside．She was quite right,as Harry soon discovered．There was no sailing on May 22nd．How could he have made such a careless mistake?He shouldn't have sold her a ticket for that day．Wondering what to do,he smiled at the child．“You look sun burnt,”he said to her．“Did you have a nice holiday in Jersey?”

　　“Yes,”she answered,shyly．“The beach was lovely．And I can swim too!”

　　“That's fine,”said Harry．

　　“My little girl can't swim a bit yet．Of course,she's onlythree…”

　　“I'm four,”the child said proudly．I'll be four and a half．

　　Harry turned to the mother．“I remember your ticket,Madam,”he said．“But you didn't get one for your daughter,did you?”

　　“Er,well— ”the woman looked at the child．“I mean…she hasn't started school yet．She's only four．”

　　“A four-year-old child must have a ticket,Madam．A child's return ticket to Jersey costs…let me see…￡ 13.50．So if the railway pays your hotel,you will owe ￡ 1.50．The law is the law,but since the fault was mine…”

　　The woman stood up,took the child's hand and left the office．

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　　Bill Javis took over our village's news-agency at a time of life when most of us only wanted to relax．He just thought he would like something but not too much to do,and the news-a-gency was ready-made．The business produced little enough for him,but Bill was a man who only wanted the simplicity and order and regularity of the job．He had been a long-serving sailor,and all his life had done everything by the clock．

　　Every day he opened his shop at 6∶00 A．m．to catch the early trade;the papers arrived on his doorstep before that．Many of Bill's customers were city workers,and the shop was convenient for the station．Business was tailing off by 10．o'clock,so at eleven sharp Bill closed for lunch．It was hard luck on anybody who wanted a paper or magazine in the afternoon,for most likely Bill would be down on the river bank,fishing,and his nearest competitor was five kilometers away．Sometimes in the afternoon,the evening paper landed on the doorway,and at 4 o'clock Bill reopened his shop．The evening rush lasted till seven,and it was worthwhile．

　　He lived in a flat above the ship,alone．Except in the very bad weather,you always knew where to find him in the afternoon,as I have said．Once,on a sunny afternoon,I walked home along the river bank from a shopping trip to the village．By my watch it was three minutes past four,so I was astonished to see Bill sitting there on his little chair with a line in the water．He had no luck,I could see,but he was making no effort to move．

　　“What's wrong,Bill?”I called out from the path．

　　For answer,he put a hand in his jacket and took out a big,golden object．For a moment I had no idea what it could be,and then it suddenly went off with a noise like a fire engine．Stopping the bell,Bill held the thing up and called back,“Ten to four,you see,and this is dead right．”

　　I had never known anyone carrying a brass alarm clock round with him before．

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　　The question of what children learn,and how they should learn,is continually being debated and redebated．Nobody dares any longer to defend the old system,the learning of lessons parrot-fashion,the grammar-with-a-whip system,which was good enough for our grandparents．The theories of modern psychology have stepped in to argue that we must understand the need of children．Children are not just small adults;they are children who must be respected as much．

　　Well,you may say,this is as it should be,a good idea．But think further．What happens?“Education”becomes the responsibility not of teachers,but of psychologists（心理学家）．What happens then?Teachers worry too much about the psychological implications（暗示）of their lessons,and forget about the subjects themselves．If a child dislikes a lesson,the teacher feels that it is his fault,not the child's．So teachers worry whether history is“relevant”to modern young children．And do they dare to recount stories about violence?Or will this make the children themselves violent?Can they tell their classes about children of different races,or will this encourage racial hatred?Why teach children to write grammatical sentences?Verbal expression is better．Sums?Arithmetic?No:Real-life mathematical situations are more understandable．

　　You see,you can go too far．Influenced by educational theorists,who have nothing better to do than to write books a bout their ideas,teachers leave their teacher-training colleges filled with grand,psychological ideas about children and their needs．They make elaborate,sophisticated（精致、复杂的）preparations and try out their “modern methods”on the long-suffering children．Since one“modern method”rapidly replaces another the poor kids will have had a good bellyful by the time they leave school．Frequently the modern methods are so sophisticated that they fail to be understood by the teachers,let alone the children;even more often,the relaxed discipline soessential for the“informal”feelings the class must have,prevents all but a handful of children from learning anything．

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　　If women are mercilessly exploited（剥削）year after year,they have only themselves blamed．Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion,they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores．Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion．When you come to think of it,only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe（衣柜）packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear．

　　Changing fashions are nothing more than the intended creation of waste．Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn．Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way,waste hours of their time changing the dresses they have．Skirts are lengthened or shortened;neck lines are lowered or raised,and so on．

　　No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society．Fashion designers are rarely concerned with necessary things like warmth,comfort and durability（耐用）．They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort,as long as they look right．There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day,or carefully picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes．

　　When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion,the conclusions to be drawn are obvious．Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes,one wonders,reflect basic qualities of change and unsteadiness?Men are too clever to let themeslves be cheated by fashion designers．Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of steadiness and reliability（可靠）?That is for you to decide．

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