Surface Exploration. Robots make great explorers on planets,moons,and other landing areas.Aside from Earth,just about every surface in the solar system is unsafe for humans to explore.The air on most other planets is insufficient for humans to breathe,making it necessary to wear a space suit and oxygen equipment.The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand.Plus there would be complications with radiation,weather,and a lack of gravity.Robots havemuch less limitation in these areas and can survive much longer under these conditions. Data Collection. Robots are designed for collecting scientific data.Robots are also able to perform many tasks at one time and can process information much quicker and more efficiently.Important scientific projects from detecting minerals,analyzing ground samples,and finding water are all performed much quicker and more accurately(精确地)by robots. Cost Effective. The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work.In order to successfully send humans into space we would need to build a vehicle that can not only carry humans,but also have enough food and water to keep them alive for the duration of the trip.Moreover,robots have no problems working for hours on end.Robots nevercomplain,they don't require food or water,and they never need a bathroom break. Space Travel. Over the past 30 years or so there have been many different types of robots usedsuccessfully in the exploration of space.Perhaps the most famous and successful robots are the Spirit and Opportunity who have both been exploring the surface of Mars.They have both been very successful with experiments on soil and rocks and have even found evidence of water in Mars' history.1. According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true?A. The use of robots in space exploration costs more than the use of humans.B. It may be dangerous for human to explore the solar system except the earth.C. Both the Spirit and Opportunity have found the evidence of water in the Mars.D. Many different types of robots have explored the space successfully.2. Which column of the passage could come from?A. Education. B. Finance.C. Travel. D. Science.3. The underlined phrase "withstand" most probably means "________". A. arise B. bear C. defeat D. diverse4. What is the writer's attitude in writing this passage?A. Negative. B. Persuasive.C. Subjective. D. Objective.
The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not IQ, a generally bad predictor of success. Instead, it's purposeful practice. Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you'd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn't have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or shared the same birthday. This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self. It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join. It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field. She'd be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings. Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and errorfocused. By practising in this way, she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback, viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems-how do I get characters into a room-dozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems. The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It's the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we're "hardwired" to do. And it's true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behaviour.1. The passage mainly deals with ________.A. the function of IQ in cultivating a writerB. the relationship between genius and successC. the decisive factor in making a geniusD. the way of gaining some sense of distinction2. By reading novels and writers' stories, the girl could________.A. come to understand the inner structure of writingB. join a fascinating circle of writers somedayC. share with a novelist her likes and dislikesD. learn from the living examples to establish a sense of security3. In the girl's long painstaking training process, ________.A. her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her successB. her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performanceC. she acquires the magic of some great achievementD. she comes to realize she is "hardwired" to write4. What can be concluded from the passage?A. A fuelling ambition plays a leading role in one's success.B. A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing.C. As to the growth of a genius, IQ doesn't matter, but just his/her effort.D. What really matters is what you do rather than who you are.
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