Many people have seen the 3-D computer-made environments of virtual (虚拟的) reality (VR). Now these virtual worlds will not just look and sound real. Researchers have created VR environments that even smell like the real things. With the new technology, users open a virtual door and step into a new environment, like a rainforest. After they enter this virtual world, special equipment releases forest-like smells into the air to make the experience seem more real.

Suzanne Fisher-Murray said, “It is a really wonderful experience that you have because you, re exploring this environment and you have smells with it.”

In the United States, Smell-O-Vision was designed to provide smells during the showing of a movie. The Smell-O-Vision system was once popular in the 1960s. Now, Emanuela Maggioni says it is close to becoming popular again. “The connection with emotions, memories, and ... the sense of smell,” Maggioni said. “It is unbelievable what we can do with technology.”

The uses for smell technology are not just limited to films and the performing arts. Researchers showed a computer program where users could imagine themselves driving a car. The system included a special smell- spraying machine. Dmitrijs Dmitrenko said, “We want to deliver the smell of lavender (薫衣草) every time the person drives over the speed limit. We choose lavender because it’s a very calming smell.”

Scientists are experimenting with smell instead of sounds or image-based alerts on telecommunications equipment. And businesses are already using smell to influence people’s behavior. “Not only...in stores…But on the other side, you can create and stimulate (刺激) immediate buying,” Maggioni said. “So you’re in a library and you smell coffee and actually you are unconsciously having the need to drink a coffee.”

【1】Using smell technology, researchers make VR environments .

A. have a smell of a rainforest B. even smell like real ones

C. look like a 4-D environment D. impress people with a virtual world

【2】The example of Smell-O-Vision proves that .

A. America is the first to use smell technology

B. cinemas are the most suitable for smell sense

C. smell technology has been tried before

D. it was out of date to use smell-spraying devices

【3】How is smell technology used by businessmen?

A. To make buyers understand salesmen better.

B. To remind people of their unrealistic buying.

C. To help customers choose their favorite goods.

D. To encourage people to buy something suddenly.

【4】What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The developments of smell technology.

B. A major breakthrough of smell technology.

C. The sense of smell in human communication.

D. The advanced smell-spraying machines.

A. is sold； have been soldB. is sold; has been sold

C. sells； have been soldD. sells ; has been sold

Liu Wen, a Chinese fashion model, started her modeline career in 2005 after competing in the reality TV show New Silk Road World Model Contest. Although she did not win the competition, Liu soon began working full-time as a model, eventually becoming a national success story after working with fashion magazines like Vogue and Harper’s Bazaar that are popular in China, In 2007, she was signed to the Marilyn agency, and has since walked for Burberry, Givenchy, Chanel, Tom Ford, Proenza Schooler and Tommy Hilfiger.

Liu walked a record 74 shows in New York, London, Milan and Paris for the autumn/winter 2009 season, followed by 70 for spring/summer 2010, making her the second most-booked catwalk model that year. She has also notched up 15 international Vogue covers to date.

In 2009, Liu became the first woman of Chinese descent to walk in the Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show. Liu also participated in the 2010-2012 shows. She returned to the Victoria’s Secret runway again in 2016.

In the past, Liu has said that after modeling she might enjoy working as a stylist or, were the opportunity to arise, as an actress — she feels that modeling and acting have much in common, but for now she enjoys modeling and working in the fashion industry. She has stated that she knows that, as a career choice, working as a fashion designer or stylist would be “very hard work”, but she is now more seriously considering becoming a stylist because she would like “to share her fashion style — tomboyish, vintage, and comfortable— with the world”.

【1】How many times has Liu appeared in Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show?

A. 4. B. 5.

C. 6. D. 7.

【2】Which statement is not true?

A. Liu created a record of 15 international Vogue covers.

B. Liu walked 70 shows for the autumn/winter 2010 season.

C. Liu returned to the Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show again in 2016.

D. Liu didn’t win the New Silk Road World Model Contest in 2005.

【3】According to the passage, Liu Wen is .

A. beautiful and patient B. successful and kind

C. determined and smart D. hardworking and ambitious

【4】Where can we most probably find this passage?

A. In a poster. B. In a magazine.

C. In a fashion show. D. In a book review.

The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Banyan (1678)

A story of a man in search of truth told with the simple clarity and beauty of Bunyan’s prose makes this an English classic.

Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe (1719)

By the end of the 19th century, no book in English literary history had enjoyed more editions and translations. This world-famous novel is a complex literature that one cannot resist.

Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift (1726)

A great work that’s been repeatedly printed, Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels comes third in our list of the best novels written in English.

Clarissa by Samuel Richardson (1748)

Clarissa is a tragic heroine, pressured by her dishonorable family to marry a wealthy man she dislikes, in the book that Samuel Johnson described as “the first book in the world that shows the knowledge about the human heart”.

Tom Jones by Henry Fielding (1749)

Tom Jones is a classic English novel that gets the spirit of its age and whose characters are well-known since they have come to represent the society at that time.

Emma by Jane Austen (1816)

Jane Austen’s Emma is her most outstanding work, mixing the best parts of her early books with a deep sense of feelings.

The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket by Edgar Allan Poe (1838)

Edgar Allan Poe’s only novel—a classic adventure story with supernatural elements—has fascinated and influenced generations of writers.

【1】Which English book has got the most translations before the 20th century?

A. Robinson Crusoe. B. Gulliver’s Travels.

C. Tom Jones. D. Emma.

【2】What does Samuel Johnson think we can learn about from the book Clarissa?

A. A love story. B. Quarrels in a family.

C. The human heart. D. The spirits of the lime.

【3】What makes the characters in Tom Jones famous?

A. Their classic lifestyles.

B. Their different nationalities.

C. Their typical spirits of the age.

D. Their representation of the society.

A.that; whereB.in which; which

C.where; thatD.where; in which

It’s never easy to admit the mistakes you make, but doing so is an important step toward moving forward.

National Geographic magazine recently published an article with the title “For decades, our coverage was racist. To rise above our past, we【1】 acknowledge it.” It was written by the magazine’s editor-in-chief Susan Goldberg, the first woman and first Jewish person 【2】(hold) the position. National Geographic has acknowledged that its coverage of black and minority ethnic people in America and the wider world had been historically racist, frequently promoting caricatures (讽刺画) of the “noble savage (野蛮人)” and barely 【3】 (feature) the US’s minority ethnic population.

According to Goldberg, the 130-year-old publication’s April issue “explores how race defines, separates, and unites us”. In honor of 50 years since the killing of Martin Luther King,【4】 is known for fighting racial inequality in the US, the issue is devoted to race.

The population republished a number of examples of historical racism in its coverage. One 1916 article about Australia included a photo of two Indigenous Australians with the caption: “South Australian Blackfellows: These savages rank 【5】 (low) in intelligence of all human beings.”

To review its previous coverage of race, Goldberg asked University of Virginia John Edwin Mason to look back at the magazine’s text, choice of subjects, and photograph of people of color from the US and abroad. “Until the 1970s, National Geographic all but ignored people of color who lived in the United States, rarely acknowledging【6】 beyond laborers or domestic workers,” Goldberg wrote about Mason’s findings. “Meanwhile, it pictured ‘natives’ elsewhere 【7】 exotics, famously and frequently unclothed, happy hunters, noble savages.”

Mason also found that the magazine often ran photos of “uncivilized” natives【8】 (amaze) by “civilized” Western technology.

In recent years, however, the magazine has improved. For example, in a 2015 project, National Geographic gave cameras to young people in the Caribbean country of Haiti and asked them to shoot pictures of their everyday lives.

“The coverage wasn’t right before 【9】 it was told from a white American point of view, and I think it speaks to exactly 【10】 we needed a diversity of storytellers,” Goldberg told the Associated Press.

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I am the shared bike. I’d like to be on the street to serve for people. They can ride me just via a mobile app. But horrible things happen a few days ago. Several people stole some of us with paying their bills on the app but treated us badly. They broke my saddle and even threw my friends everywhere. We felt angry for which those bad guys had done. Thanks to some kindly people, we received careful “treatment”. Now, you help as well as the whole society’s attention is what we need most. We are designed to help people who are stuck the heavy traffic. We are neither toy nor private vehicles. Please obey the basic rules.

The weekly talk show, hosted by the famous hostess Dong Qing, invites people from all walks of life 【2】 (read) aloud poems, essays and book excerpts (节选) they like or wrote. The guests who join 【3】 it also share their own life stories and explain the reason why particular pieces touched their hearts. Viewers can often be moved to tears 【4】 they listen to those stories.

Three days after its first broadcast on CCTV-1，Readers has been 【5】 (great) successful and interested thousands of people. Through the poetic words, Readers has made 【6】 public pay attention to the 【7】 (lose) habit of reading aloud. Readers is one of the cultural TV 【8】 (program) to restore (恢复) the country’s love for literature. Its success is very 【9】 (encourage) in today’s television world where TV series 【10】 (play) a leading part so far.

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错词的下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

The winter holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that is a good idea. It does not cost many; yet we can still learn a lot.

What Coffee Does to Your Health

Coffee can be considered one of nature’s greatest gifts. It gives mental and emotional clearness without harmful side effect, and it contains a wealth of nutrients. Yet, when most people drink coffee, they are not thinking that the drink is improving their health. In fact, some may even feel a little guilty, since some believe coffee isn’t good for them at all.

Well, there’s the truth of the matter. Coffee, like anything else, can bring about problems if too much is consumed. In the short-term, too much coffee will cause sleeping problems and high blood pressure. In the long-term, too much coffee will cause stomach problem as well as teeth staining.

As for the benefits, moderate consumption of coffee, which means 1 to 4 cups a day, provides your body with a wealth of antioxidants(抗氧化物质).These substances are responsible for eliminating free radicals(自由基). They are the chemical byproducts produced any time your body does something. A small number of them can help serve as something against negative elements, but if they aren’t kept in control, they can cause health problems. Antioxidants ensure that this doesn’t happen.

The psychological effects of caffeine cannot be ignored either. Not only does caffeine make you more alert, but it can actually affect your mood. If you were feeling depressed, a nice cup of coffee could change your perspective. The stack of work that seemed impossible before isn’t even a problem now.

In addition, caffeine helps stimulate creativity as it speeds up the body’s functioning. That’s why coffee is often associated with writers and other intellectual professions. Other drugs tend to make people dumber. Consider what happens when people get drunk off of alcohol. They won’t be functional at all. But with coffee, an individual gets a push in creative thinking while still helping their bodies.

In conclusion, don’t feel bad when you are making your morning cup of coffee. Unlike a shot of alcohol, coffee will make your feel wonderful while keeping you healthy. Just remember, you do have to consume it in moderation.