【题目】Charles Babbage was born on 26 December 1791, probably in London, the son of a banker. By the time he went to Cambridge University in 1810 he was very interested in mathematics.

In 1812, Babbage and several other friends formed theAnalytical Society. As a student, he was also a member of other societies such asThe Ghost Club, concerned with finding out supernatural phenomena (超自然现象), and the Extractors Club, devoted to freeing its members from the madhouse(精神病院), should any be placed in one.

After graduation Babbage was hired by the Royal Institution to lecture on calculus(微积分). Within two years he had been elected a member of the Royal Society and, with his Cambridge friends, succeeded in setting up the Astronomical Society in 1820, the first to challenge the influence and power of the Royal Society. From 1828 to 1839, Babbage was Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge.

The 1820s saw Babbage work on his 'Difference Engine', a machine which could perform mathematical calculations. At the beginning a six-wheeled model was constructed. He then developed plans for a bigger, better, machine - Difference Engine 2. He also worked on another invention, the more complex Analytical Engine, on which his fame as a computer pioneer now largely rests. It was designed to be able to perform any arithmetical calculation using punched(打孔的) cards that would take the instructions, as well as a memory unit to store numbers and many other most important parts of today's computers. But neither the Analytical Engine nor Difference Engine 2 was finished in Babbage's lifetime.

Babbage also worked in the fields of philosophy and code-breaking. He died at his home in London on 18 October 1871.

1What did the Extractors Club aim to do?

A. Help treat its members with mental illness. B. Rescue its members trapped in the madhouse.

C. Set free the patients in the madhouse. D. Place the sick members in the madhouse.

2After he graduated from Cambridge, Charles Babbage _________.

A. was elected to the Royal Society B. became professor at Cambridge

C. founded the Astronomical Society D. taught in the Royal Institution

3What made Charles Babbage remembered as a computer pioneer?

A. Difference Engine. B. Difference Engine 2.

C. The Analytical Engine. D. A memory unit.

4Which of the following best describes Charles Babbage?

A. Active and versatile (多才多艺的). B. Humorous and devoted.

C. Stubborn and generous. D. Bright and selfless.

【题目】Teens For Planet Earth

This is a social networking site for teenagers who want to get involved in protecting our planet. They can connect with other green-minded teens, choose a project or create their own. Teens For Planet Earth encourages young folks to get busy in their own communities. They offer guidance on local projects with categories such as habitats, animals, water and education. Awards are given to active members.

Meez

At Meez, teens can create their own avatars(头像), rooms and virtual pets. It is a social community of creative people that combines avatars, virtual worlds and games. Meez offers contests and chat as well as homework help, a fashion central and a writers’ corner. A chat area for younger teens is available. Other areas are music, geek(极客)central, art and sports.

Cyberteens

Cyberteens is another cool site that celebrates the teen years. Here teenagers can find community, games, and news. There is a link called “creativity” where teens can share their poems, stories, photos and artwork. The “cool links” section offers a huge variety of options to the curious teens. This site also has surveys and helps with jobs and school work.

Student.com

Student.com is a resource site for teens and high school students. Its social network has over 900,000 members. Members earn points to win prizes just by browsing and they offer several multi-player games. Points are used to buy items at auction(拍卖会). Student.com is filled with useful information and articles.

1What is Teens For Planet Earth aimed to?

A. Set up a project.

B. Give awards to teens.

C. Get young folks busy.

D. Give advice on local projects.

2Which website offers assistance in jobs?

A. Teens For Planet Earth. B. Meez. C. Cyberteens. D. Student.com.

3What makes Student.com special among these websites?

A. It has the most members.

B. Teens can read articles on it.

C. It offers help on school work.

D. Teens can make purchases on it.

4What can we infer about the websites mentioned in the text?

A. They provide game platforms.

B. They benefit teens in their social life.

C. They award outstanding teens.

D. They offer various study guidance.

【题目】It's never easy to explain exactly when a specific language began, but in the case of English we can at least say that there is little sense in speaking of the English as a separate language before the Anglo-Saxons came to Britain. Little is known of this period with any certainty, but we do know that Germanic invaders came and settled in Britain from the north-western coastline of continental Europe in the fifth and sixth centuries. The invaders all spoke a language that was Germanic (related to Dutch, Frisian, German and the Scandinavian languages, and to Gothic), but we'll probably never know how different their speech was from that of their continental neighbours.

The reason that we know so little about the language in this period is because we do not have much in the way of written records from any of the Germanic languages of north-western Europe until several centuries later. When Old English writings began to appear in the seventh, eighth, and ninth centuries there was a good deal of regional variation(变化), but not more than that found in later periods. This was the language that Alfred the Great referred to as ‘English’ in the ninth century.

The Celts were already resident(定居) in Britain when the Anglo-Saxons arrived, but there are few obvious traces of their language in English today. Some scholars have suggested that the Celtic tongue might have had an underlying influence on the grammatical development of English, particularly in some parts of the country, but this is highly speculative(猜测). The number of borrowed words known for certain to have entered Old English from this source is very small. Those that survive in modern English include “brock” (badger), and “comb” (a type of valley), alongside many place names.

1When did the English language begin ?

A. After the Anglo-Saxons came to Britain.

B. Before the Germanic invaders settled in Britain.

C. At a time that no one will know for certain.

D. At the same time as Germanic languages began.

2“continental neighbours” in Paragraph 1 refer to people living in _____.

A. Great Britain B. Africa C. Europe D. Ireland

3Why do people know so little about the language in Britain in the Anglo-Saxon period?

A. There are no written records from the Germanic languages.

B. Old English didn’t have any written system.

C. Much of the written records have been lost.

D. There was a good deal of variation in the records.

4What does the author think about the Celtic language ?

A. It influenced the grammatical development of English.

B. It had little influence on modern English.

C. It borrowed a few words from Old English.

D. It greatly enriched modern English vocabulary.

【题目】The Mekong River, for thousands of years, has been the lifeline of the populations that depend on it for survival. The earliest settlements along the river date back to 2100 BC with the first recorded civilization—the Khmer culture of Funan. In the 5th century, the Khmer culture Chenla existed along the Mekong, and the Khmer empire of Angkor was the last great state in the region. Roughly 700 years ago, the Thai people escaped from South China across the Mekong to form the kingdom of Siam (now Thailand), and the Mekong protected Siam from invasions.

In 1540, the Portuguese Antonio de Faria was the first European to discover the Mekong. Although Europeans showed only some interest in the Mekong, the Spanish and Portuguese did make trade expeditions(探险) to the area, and the Dutch led an expedition up the Mekong in 1641-42. In the mid-19th century, the French led an exploration on the river between 1866 to 1868 and discovered that the Mekong had too many rapids and waterfalls to ever be useful for navigation(航行). From 1893, the French enlarged their control of the river into Laos until the First and Second Indochina Wars ended French involvement(介入) in the region.

The Mekong has long been regarded as the foundation of Southeast Asia's economic growth and prosperity—necessitating(使必要) cooperation between the countries. In 1995, the "Agreement on the Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Mekong River Basin" signed by the governments of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam formed the Mekong River Commission (MRC). The MRC facilitates(促进) joint management of the shared water resources and cooperation on development issues. In 1996, China and Burma became Dialogue Partners of the MRC.

Today, much of the Mekong remains undeveloped and even unexplored. It is closely tied to the daily lives and culture of over 60 million people, many of whom live in poverty (贫困). However, life along the river is changing, as large dams on the river have been built with plans for many more. Many people now live and work in the towns.

1What is the best title for this passage?

A. The Mekong is being damaged by human activities.

B. The Mekong has attracted peoples from the world.

C. The Mekong has helped countries to cooperate.

D. The Mekong nourishes(养育) the land and her people.

2The French ended their control over the Mekong because _____.

A. the river was unsuitable for navigation B. France lost the Indochina Wars

C. France lost their interest in the river D. Their agreement with Laos came to an end

3Why did the Mekong basin countries form the MRC?

A. Much of the river remains undeveloped and unexplored.

B. Many of the people along the river live in poverty.

C. The river is the foundation for their economy.

D. China and Burma came up with the suggestion.

4What is the author’s attitude towards the future life of the people?

A. Indifferent(冷漠的). B. Optimistic(乐观的). C. Pessimistic(悲观的). D. Sarcastic(讽刺的).

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