[题目] Scientists say they have used the gene-editing tool CRISPR to repair a person’s eyesight for the first time. The CRISPR tool makes it possible to change DNA to add needed genes or take some away 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

【题目】 Scientists say they have used the gene-editing tool CRISPR to repair a person’s eyesight for the first time. The CRISPR tool makes it possible to change DNA to add needed genes or take some away if they lead to problems.

A patient recently had the procedure done for an inherited form of blindness. The operation took place at Oregon Health and Science University in Portland. “We literally have the potential to treat people who are essentially blind and make them see,” said Charles Albright. He is chief scientific officer at Editas Medicine in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Editas is one of the companies developing the treatment. Albright added, “We think it could open up a whole new set of medicines to go in and change your DNA.”

The people taking part in the study have a genetic condition that keeps the body from making a protein needed to turn light into signals to the brain, which leads to sight.

Scientists have found it difficult to treat the condition with usual gene therapy. So, they are aiming to edit or remove the mutation（突变）by making two cuts on either side of it. The hope is that the ends of DNA will reconnect and make the gene work as it should. Through a tube the width of a human hair, doctors put three drops of fluid containing the gene editing machinery just under the retina（视网膜）, which is the lining at the back of the eye that contains the light-sensing cells. Doctors believe they need to fix one-tenth to one-third of the cells to repair vision. In animal tests, scientists were able to correct half of the cells with the treatment, Albright said.

Some independent experts were hopeful about the new study. Dr. Kiran Musunuru is a gene-editing expert at the University of Pennsylvania. He said the treatment seems likely to work, based on tests in mice and monkeys. The gene editing tool stays in the eye and does not travel to other parts of the body. So, “If something goes wrong, the chance of harm is very small.” Musunuru said. “It makes for a good first step for doing gene editing in the body.”

【1】Who can most possibly benefit from this new treatment?

A.Patients who are essentially color-blinded.

B.Patients who turn blind due to accidents or diseases.

C.Patients who are born with no ability to see.

D.Patients who lose their vision at a young age.

【2】Which is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A.The result of the treatment.

B.The theory of the treatment.

C.The difficulty of the treatment.

D.The disadvantage of traditional treatment.

【3】What is likely to be discussed after the last paragraph?

A.The function of the gene-editing tool.

B.The limitation of the gene-editing tool.

C.The effect of the treatment on animals.

D.The research of the treatment on humans.

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。讲述了科学家发现了一种叫作CRISPR的基因编辑工具，可以通过改变DNA来治疗眼睛近视等疾病，这种工具的效果还在实验证实中。

【1】

细节理解题。根据第一段“The CRISPR tool makes it possible to change DNA to add needed genes or take some away if they lead to problems. ”可知，这种工具是通过DNA的添加和去除来治疗，所以治疗的是先天疾病，且第二段中“A patient recently had the procedure done for an inherited form of blindness.”提到这个被治疗的病人的眼盲是遗传的，故选C。

【2】

主旨大意题。根据“Scientists have found it difficult to treat the condition with usual gene therapy. So, they are aiming to edit or remove the mutation（突变）by making two cuts on either side of it.”可知，科学家们发现普通的理论行不通，所以他们研究出了新的理论（在突变基因的一边剪开），后文是在讲该理论的作用机制和效果，所以第四段主要是讲该治疗的理论，故选B。

【3】

推理判断题。根据“He said the treatment seems likely to work, based on tests in mice and monkeys.”可知，最后一段提到的实验进程是基于老鼠和猴子身上的实验，所以接下来要讲的是在人身上的实验，故选D。

练习册系列答案

书屯文化期末寒假期末冲刺假期作业云南人民出版社系列答案

硕源教育中考总复习名师解密系列答案

1. 推荐一处景点；

2. 推荐的原因；

3. 祝愿旅途愉快。

注意：1. 词数80左右；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Sara,

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

【题目】 Cryonics is the practice of cooling dead organic tissue. This is used on humans or animals that have recently died. The hope is to bring them back to life in the near future. By law, it can only be performed on humans after they are legally dead. Many scientists and doctors think cryonics is totally morally unacceptable. However, there are also many who support cryonics.

Supporters of cryonics hope that future technology will improve. Molecular technology is especially hoped to reverse (逆转) the early stages of clinical death. It is hoped that this will enable the repair of tissue on a very tiny level. It could also allow damaged tissues and organs to regenerate. They also assume that disease and aging will one day be reversible.

These supporters want to store the memory and identity from the brain of people who have recently died. Cryonics attempts to do this by using liquid that preserves the brain. If this is done before cooling, it will prevent injury. This cooling liquid saves the fine cell structures of the brain where memory and identity exist.

Critics of cryonics think this process is a waste of time and money. They base their opinions on the current level of science. It is true that cells, tissues, blood vessels, and some small animal organs can be reversibly preserved. Some frogs can even survive for a few months in a partially frozen state if they are kept a few degrees above freezing. But this is not true cryopreservation. There is no proof that the identity and memory of a person can be restored after death has occurred.

Critics also think that if it were possible to bring dead people back to life, it would cause many social problems. Critics worry it would cause a huge overpopulation problem. Many also think trying to reverse death is immoral because it is against the will of their God.

【1】What can we know about cryonics from paragraph 1?

A.Cryonics is used before people's death.

B.All scientists aren't in favor of the use of cryonics.

C.Laws forbid the use of cryonics on legally dead people.

D.Cryonics tries to cool dead organic tissue by using liquid.

【2】What does the underlined word 'regenerate' in paragraph 2 mean?

A.copy.B.return.

C.freeze.D.regrow.

【3】Why do critics oppose the use of cryonics?

A.It will make people's memory lost.

B.Injury will occur during the process.

C.There is scientific uncertainty about it.

D.It goes along with their religious belief.

【4】What is the main idea of the text?

A.The use of cryonics has a bright future.

B.Cryonics is still a controversial practice.

C.The practice of cryonics is limited by law.

D.There is an advance in medical technology.

【题目】Creamy cooked White Beans

Ingredients

●1 tablespoon unsalted butter

●1 head garlic,cut into halves

●1 cup whole milk

●1 can chickpeas,with their liquid

●1 can white beans

●1 thyme sprig, 2 sage leaves or 1 bay leaf

●1/8 teaspoon ground nutmeg,allspice or gram masala

●Salt and black pepper

●4 slices crusty bread or thick toast

●Extra-virgin olive oil,for serving

●Freshly grated Parmesan,for serving

●Pepper flakes,for serving

Nutritional analysis(4 servings)

428 calories,9 grams fat;4 grams saturated fat;0 grams trans fat;2 grams monounsaturated fat; 2 grams polyunsaturated fat;68 grams carbohydrates;14 grams dietary fiber;9 grams sugars;21 grams protein;732 milligrams sodium.

Preparation

1.In a medium saucepan,melt the butter over medium-high heat.Add the garlic,cut side down,and cook until golden brown,I to 2 minutes.

2.Add the milk,chickpeas and their liquid,white beans,thyme and nutmeg and stir to combine.Season(加作料）generously with salt and pepper.When the mixture begins to bubble around the edges of the pan(you don't want it to come to a full boil),reduce the heat to low and let it boil gently,stirring occasionally,until it has thickened and tastes great to you,about 15 minutes.Season with salt and pepper,to taste.

3. Use a fork to remove the garlic halves from the beans.Set aside until cool enough to handle,then use the fork to remove the cloves from the skins.Spread the cloves on bread or toast.

4.Mash(捣烂）some of the beans using the back of a spoon.Serve beans and milk in bowls.Serve with the bread alongside for dipping.

【1】Which of the following steps of the cooking process is correctly stated?

A.The first step is to melt the salted butter in a medium saucepan.

B.Add little salt and pepper so that the mixture of ingredients tastes good.

C.Turn the heat from medium-high to low before the mixture fully boils.

D.The last step is to mix the beans,milk and bread and serve them in bowls.

【2】A person will bum about 400 calories if jogging for an hour.To consume the calories produced when having the dish,you'll have to run for about

A.15 minutesB.half an hour

C.an hourD.one hour and a half

【题目】When I was young, I was really a _____ child, always hanging out, coming home late and making my parents upset.

A.contraryB.confidentialC.conservativeD.considerate

【题目】 Whoever wrote the song 'It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year' must have never experienced the holiday blues. Fortunately, psychological research suggests some effective ways you can use to beat the holiday blues. The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid. 【1】. Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.

Don't force cheer

At family gatherings with cousins you secretly can’t stand, you tend to put on a happy face. Indeed, that might even seem like the most mature response—no drama, no conflict. But a 2011 study followed dozens of bus drivers, looking to see when they gave forced or honest smiles at their passengers. The results showed when the drivers pretended to have a good mood, their actual moods got worse. 【2】.

Let out sadness

The results of the busdriver study can be explained by researchers, who find that negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them. 【3】. We don't like contradictory behavior.

Respond cautiously

Recently, scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of caution. When you respond cautiously to an emotional trigger, you pause rather than react at once. 【4】. Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.

【5】

Of course, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows, but the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall wellbeing. In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are nothing to fear. Just make sure you're balancing them with lighter experiences. And don’t forget to give yourself a break.

A.Relax your mind

B.Enjoy a mix of emotions

C.We tend to deny the important function emotions serve

D.Instead, they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life

E.So trying to force happiness seems to have the opposite effects

F.A cautious response to a negative event reduces sadness we experience

G.We feel bad when our appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside

【题目】 The following properties which the World Heritage Committee （世界遗产委员会）has decided to include on the List of World Heritage are under threat.

Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley （Afghanistan）

The cultural landscape and archaeological remains of the Bamiyan Valley stand for the artistic and religious developments which from the 1st to the 13th centuries characterized ancient Bakhtria. The area contains a number of Buddhist monastic ensembles, as well as strong buildings from the Islamic period.

Historic Centre of Vienna （Austria）

Vienna developed from early Celtic and Roman settlements into a Medieval and Baroque city, the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It played an important role as a leading European music centre, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural buildings, including Baroque castles and gardens, as well as the late-19th-century Ringstrasse lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks.

Okapi Wildlife Reserve （Democratic Republic of the Congo）

The Okapi Wildlife Reserve occupies about one-fifth of the Ituri forest in the north-east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Congo river basin, of which the reserve and forest are a part, is one of the largest drainage systems in Africa. The reserve contains threatened species of primates and birds surviving in the wild. It also has some amazing scenery, including waterfalls on the Ituri and Epulu rivers. The reserve is inhabited by traditional nomadic pygmy Mbuti and Efe hunters.

【1】Which of the following heritage sites is located in Asia?

A.Okapi Wildlife Reserve.

B.Historic Centre of Vienna.

C.The Austro-Hungarian Empire.

D.Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley.

【2】Who may get interested in Historic Centre of Vienna?

A.Music composers.

B.Birds researchers.

C.Modem building lovers.

D.Natural Scenery Photographer.

【3】What do the three world heritage sites have in common?

A.They are all in danger.

B.They are closed to the public.

C.They feature lots of ancient buildings.

D.They are to be removed from the World Heritage List.

【题目】假定你是李华，你校中国功夫俱乐部（Chinese Kung Fu Club）将面向国际学生招收新成员。请你用英语写一篇招募新成员的启事，内容包括：

1.本俱乐部历史；

2.参加本俱乐部的益处；

3.本俱乐部的联系方式（邮箱chinesekungfu@126.com）。

注意：1.词数100左右，开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear international students，

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

【题目】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

The “novel” coronavirus, being called COVID-19 officially, had not previously been detected before the outbreak is reported in Wuhan, China in December, 2019. Infection with 2019-nCoV can cause mild symptom including a runny nose, sore throat, cough, and fever. It can be most severe for some persons and cause pneumonia or breathing difficulties. More rare, the disease can be deadly. It can be transmitted from person to person, usually after close contact with infected patient that even seems healthy.

To protect yourself, wash your hands frequently with soap and water. Maintain at least 1 meter distant between yourself and other people, particularly those who are coughing and sneezing. Wear a medical mask can help limit the spread of some respiratory (呼吸的) diseases. Therefore. it has to be combined to other prevention measures including washing hands and avoiding close contact to take effect.

试题分类