题目内容

As they were walking around, they noticed a man _______ against a tree.

A. sit B. to sit C. sitting D. sat

 

C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:当四下走动的时候,他们注意到一个人在倚着树坐着。此处是非谓语短语做补语,感官动词后不能跟to do做补语,故排除BD选项; Notice sb do sth意思是“看到某人做某事了”表示看到动作的整个过程,而notice sb doing sth 意思是“看到某人在做某事”,表示正在进行的动作,根据句意可知选C。类似动词还有see 、hear、observe等。

考点:考查非谓语动词。

 

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People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.

Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”.

Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme,this theory states that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能).

Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their behavior.

Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching. In the US,for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites. Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.

Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.

1.This passage is mainly concerned with ________.

A. relation between personality and behavior

B. relation between behavior and environment

C. different accounts of patterns of human behavior

D. different theories of the formation of human behavior

2.The underlined word “proponents” in Paragraph 2 means ________.

A. creators B. advisors

C. advocates D. judges

3.In Paragraph 5, the author mainly writes about ________.

A. the considerable influence of the two theories

B. differences between the blacks and whites

C. racial discrimination in the United States

D. different responds to intelligence tests

4.What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A. To call our attention to the changes of human behavior.

B. To urge scientists to do more research in social science.

C. To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior.

D. To present an argument in the field of social science.

 

A little boy almost thought of himself as the most unfortunate child in the world because a disease made his leg lame. He ____ played with his classmates. When the teacher asked him to answer questions, he always ____ his head without a word.

One ____ the boy's father asked for some saplings (树苗) from the neighbor. He wanted the ____ to plant a sapling each person in front of the house. The father said, “Whose sapling grows best, I will buy him or her a favorite ____.” Seeing his brothers and sisters watering the trees, however, the boy had an idea. He hoped that the tree he planted would ____ soon. So, after watering it once or twice,he never ____ it.

A few days later, when the little boy went to see his tree again, he was ____ to find that it didn't wilt (枯萎) but grew some fresh leaves. ____ the trees of his brothers and sisters, his tree was even greener. His father kept his ____, bought the little boy his favorite gift and said that from the tree he planted, he would become an outstanding ____ when he grew up.

Since then, the little boy slowly became ____. One night, he lay on the bed but could not sleep. Then he got up and came to the ____. To his surprise, his ____ was splashing something onto his tree.____, he understood—his father had been ____ fertilizing his small tree!

He returned to his room,____ running down.

____ passed. The little boy didn't become a botanist, but he was elected President of the United States. His name was Franklin Roosevelt.

Love is the ____ nourishment (营养) of life. ____ it is just a drop of clear water, it can still help the tree of life thrive (茁壮成长).

1.A. bravely B.seldom C.freely D.always

2.A. raised B.nodded C.lowered D.knocked

3.A. spring B.moment C.winter D.week

4.A. neighbors B.friends C.children D.boys

5.A. sapling B.tree C.gift D.toy

6.A. die B.grow C.break D.survive

7.A. led to B.attended to C.belonged to D.objected to

8.A. pleased B.upset C.worried D.surprised

9.A. Compared with B.Similar to C.Connected to D.Popular with

10.A. request B.schedule C.promise D.secret

11.A. president B.botanist C.artist D.researcher

12.A. smart B.desperate C.optimistic D.practical

13.A. field B.courtyard C.park D.farm

14.A. brother B.sister C.father D.neighbor

15.A. All of a sudden B.For a moment C.In time D.From then on

16.A. busily B.quietly C.cautiously D.secretly

17.A. water B.tears C.sweat D.rain

18.A. Hours B.Months C.Decades D.Centuries

19.A. last B.only C.least D.best

20.A. Even if B.Now that C.If only D.What if

 

On this Christmas Day I had the wonderful opportunity to see the true spirit of Christmas.

My big family always ____ presents together at the start of the New Year and have done so in this way for more than 40 years. Since the beginning, my grandfather and grandmother have ____ their children and cousins on this day in their small farmhouse.

With 13 ____ and uncles and more than 30 cousins in this group, there were usually more than 50 people in the room to exchange gifts. Because of the activity, the flying wrapping paper, so many people and the limited space of a 65-year-old farmhouse living room, most of the individual moments went ____.

My nephew, Jack (9 year old), who was walking by my 5-year-old cousin, Seth, in the Christmas chaos, noticed that Seth was crying. Jack ____ to ask him what was wrong and why he was crying. Seth ____ that he didn’t receive any toys!

Almost without _____, Jack looked down to the only two toys he had received, and _____ Seth with his best toy! He said, “Here, you can have this one. I don’t have to have it. I have other toys I can play with at home.”

Tears were welling up in my eyes! I was moved by this huge act of _____. I was so _____ of my nephew and what he had done when he thought no one else was looking.

I gave him a huge _____ and told him that he had demonstrated(演示) the true _____ of Christmas!

1.A. choose B. exchangeC. return D. borrow

2.A. entertainedB. celebrated C. praised D. advertised

3.A. leadersB. guides C. aunts D. partners

4.A. undoubted B. unnoticed C. unfinished D. unchanged

5.A. changed B. forgot C. stepped D. stopped

6.A. reacted B. respondedC. applauded D. disturbed

7.A. smile B. gesture C. happiness D. thought

8.A. introducedB. producedC. described D. presented

9.A. kindness B. honesty C. courage D. strength

10.A. aware B. proud C. certain D. ashamed

11.A. duty B. pain C. hug D. pity

12.A. meaning B. feeling C. ending D. greeting

 

Many people run after goals that they hope will make them happy,but happiness is not always the final result.So how does one decide which goals will end in personal happiness and which will not?How do the things in life affect personal happiness?

 The most important thing is people’s attitude toward life,which can greatly affect their personal levels of happiness and satisfaction with life.

 Psychologists have known for some time that optimism is a good way to fight against unhappiness.It’s probably no secret that optimistic people are considered to be much happier people than pessimists.There are specific characteristic features optimists have (pleasant ways of thinking),that bring them more success,greater health,increased life satisfaction, and other good things.If you became an optimist,it can mean that you became a very happy person,despite your circumstances,and it can actually bring more things into your life to be happy about.“If you are optimistic and you think life is going to get better,it will become a self?fulfillment prediction.” says one of the scientists.“Happy people manage to look on the bright side,even if they meet big problems on their way.”

 Positive psychologists believe that people can learn how to become happy and that everyone can teach themselves to see a half empty glass as half full.All they have to do is to spend time thinking about all the things that have gone right for them,rather than complaining what has gone badly.But people who are depressed usually think and worry about something that went wrong in the past.

1.What can affect people’s personal levels of happiness according to the passage? (No more than 5 words)

________________________________________________________________________

2.Why are some people depressed according to the study? (No more than 14 words)

________________________________________________________________________

3.How do happy people deal with the big problems in their life? (No more than 8 words)

________________________________________________________________________

4.What is the main idea of the passage? (No more than 10 words)

_______________________________________________________________________

 

完成句子(共10小题,每小题2分,满分20分)

1.This is the new car ___________ next month. (test)

这是一台下个月将被测试的新车。

2.You are required to write a paper ,________________ what you have learned from this experience. (reflect)

要求你写一篇文章,思考你从这次经历中学到的东西。

3.It was the first time that she______________ her motherland. (leave)

这是她第一次离开自己的祖国。

4.She is proud ________________ competitions and to have broken a record. (take)

她很自豪参加过很多比赛而且还打破了记录。

5.Not only _______________ my going abroad, he also promised to support me financially. (approve )

我父亲不仅同意我出国,还保证在经济上支持我。

6.Many urban expressways have already been built in Wuhan, ______________more convenient for us to travel from one place to another. (make)

很多城市快速路己经在武汉建设好了, 这使得我们的出行更加便利。

7.________________ my teaching work all the time, I have no time for housework and social activities. (occupy)

由于一直忙于我的教学工作, 我没有时间做家务和社交活动。

8.My teacher recommended that I ____________________ Tom for my unfriendly behaviour, and I accepted. (apology).

老师建议我为自己不友好的行为向汤姆道歉,我接受了。

9.He went on a bus tour with a group of people ,__________________had never travelled before. (most)

他和一群人坐公共汽车旅行,他们中的大多数人以前从来没有旅行过。

10.Thank you for your help! Otherwise we ________________ the project on time.(complete)

非常感谢你的帮助!否则我们不会按时完成这项工程。

 

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