题目内容

　　Prediction(预言)has always been a serious business．In the old days, astrologers (星占学家)were employed(从事于)to predict the future．Today futurologists(未来学家)make scientificall based predictions which are taken seriously．Basically, the methods used in the past and those used today are similar．You look at what is happening in the present and then project(设想)into the future．

　　Take something like the motor-car, for example．It's obviously wasteful, noisy, dangerous, etc．So perhaps in the future it will have been replaced by something better．Projecting in the same way we can say that the common cold will have been cured; pollution will be got rid of; Antarctica will have been developed; money will have been replaced by credit cards; floating cities will have been built; the Jupiter(木星)will have been visited ;a cure for cancer will have been discovered．The world's mineral supplies will have been used up, and so on．But only one thing is really certain：most of us will have been completely forgotten!

(1)

What do astrologers and futurologists have in common?

[　　]

A．

They use scientific methods．

B．

They make predictions．

C．

They tell us something about the past．

D．

They tell us something about the present．

(2)

Forecasts(预测)about the future are ________．

[　　]

A．

based on the present

B．

made by astrologers

C．

taken seriously

D．

scientifically based

(3)

As far as human beings are concerned, the only really certain thing is that ________．

[　　]

A．

pollution will be got rid of

B．

money will be replaced

C．

we will disappear from the world

D．

we will visit Jupiter

(4)

Which is the best title for the passage?

[　　]

A．

The Past, the Present and the Future

B．

Astrologers and Futurologists

C．

The Changing World

D．

Tomorrow's World

答案：1．B;2．A;3．C;4．D;
解析：

(1)

此题为细节认定题。根据第一自然段“In the old days, astrologers(占星学家)were employed(从事于)to predict the future．Today futurologists(未来学家)make scientifically-based predictions which are taken seriously”可得出答案。

(2)

此题为细节理解题。根据第一自然段最后一句“You look at what is happening in the present and then project(设想)into the future”可得知预测未来是分析现在所发生的事情而推断出的。故答案为A。

(3)

此题为细节推断题。根据第二自然段最后一句“But only one thing is really certain：most of us will have been completely forgotten”可以推断出答案。

(4)

此题为主旨归纳题。通读全文可看出这些都是或许或假设。


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　　In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping．According to a weather expert’s prediction, the atmosphere will be warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate．If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities．Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere．

　　In the past, concern about a man－made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet．But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels．Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing．The evidence suggests that a warming has taken place．This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth．

　　However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern part of the earth, where temperatures seem to be falling．Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man．The question is：Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?

　　One possibility is the behavior of the sun．Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots, that is, the relatively less hot spots, on the sun．This seems to have a greater effect on the distribution of the earth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation(循环)．The sun is also variable(可变的)over a long term．Its heat output(输出)goes up and down in cycles．The latest trend being downward is on the way．But that is only a imagination．

(1)

The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would _________．

[　　]

A．

prevent the sun’s rays from reaching the earth’s surface

B．

mean a warming up in the Arctic

C．

account for great changes in the climate

D．

raise the temperature of the earth’s surface

(2)

The article was written to explain _________．

[　　]

A．

the greenhouse effect

B．

the solar effects on the earth

C．

the solar weather

D．

the causes affecting weather

(3)

Although the fuel is greater in the northern part, temperatures there seem to be falling．This is _________．

[　　]

A．

mainly because the carbon dioxide is rising

B．

possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting

C．

due to the effect of the earth’s climate

D．

partly due to the activity of the sun

(4)

What does the underlined word exceeded mean?

[　　]

A．

To be the same as．

B．

To be slower than．

C．

To be better than．

D．

To be bigger than．

In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror or the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.

　　 According to a weather expert' s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere (北半球), possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food growing zones.

　　  In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.

　　  Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.

　　  However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude , therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have gone beyond those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?

　　  One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold" spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates (使旋转), every 27. 5 days, it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also changeable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.

　　  Scientists are now finding shared relations between models of solar weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth's climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful opposed balance to the sun's fading heat .

66. It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would_________.

   A. mean a warming-up in the Antarctic

   B. raise the temperature of the earth' s surface

C. prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface

D. explain the cause of  great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere

67.The article was written to explain ___________. 

A. the greenhouse effect

B. the solar effects on the earth

C. the causes affecting weather

D. the models of solar-weather interactions

68. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there　seem to be falling. This is__________.

 A. mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising

 B. partly due to changes in the output of solar energy

C. possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting

D. only due to the effect of the inertia of the earth' s climate

69. On the basis of their models, scientists believe the opinion that__________.

A. the climate of the world should be becoming cooler

B. the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect

C. the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects

D. it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth's climate to take effect

70. If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice age is correct, ____________.

A. ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere

B. the greenhouse effect could work in favor of the earth

C. the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels

D. the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly

Learners report two main difficulties in reading, which may be linked. There are too many unknown words and as a result reading is simply not a pleasure. For some students, even reading in their own language is a chore.
　　Having a wide vocabulary is essential to making sense of written language. Of course, this is a circular argument, because the more you read the more vocabulary you learn and the more words you know the more easily you can read. Don’t make the mistake of reading with your dictionary beside you, looking up every single new or doubtful word. This is laborious and prevents you from practicing the skill of prediction.
　　Sometimes in reading you find a word you know but the sense doesn’t seem to fit in. This is not surprising because words have so many meanings and degrees of meaning. What is more, part of their meaning is shaped by the words around them. Keep looking at the surrounding words and asking yourself “what sort of meaning would make sense here?”
　　The more that people study the reading process, the better they can pass on to language learners a range of advice to choose from. People have learned to read in all kinds of ways. Here is some information that could help you plan to be a better reader in the foreign language you are studying.
　　1）Work out the general meaning first
　　When people read in a new language they often feel they must take a detailed approach, focusing on every word, particularly those they don’t know. They read as if they were using a microscope, looking carefully at each of the small pieces（the individual words）, but not necessarily seeing the whole picture at first. This is called the “bottom-up” approach. Other readers try to look first at the big picture（the “top-down” approach）, attending to individual bricks only as necessary, a process that involves some intelligent guesswork. Generally this second approach is recommended by successful learners.
　　2）Interactive reading
　　Another way of thinking about reading is to describe it as an interactive process, where the text brings something to you and you bring something to the text. Readers bring together all their knowledge of the world with what they see on the page in front of them. That is why, when reading in our own language, we don’t need to read every word. We add meaning which is not actually stated.
　　3）From supported reading to independent reading
　　Language learners start by needing considerable support as they read. Textbooks supply this support in the form of introductions that summaries the contents, glossaries, pictures, explanations of new grammar points. In your reading you need to move gradually from this support to reading more the text itself.
【小题1】. According to the author, ______.

A．looking up the dictionary is of great help for the understanding
B．reading more promotes the gaining of vocabulary
C．the more you read, the less useful the dictionary will be
D．the amount of vocabulary is the key to reading
【小题2】. Successful learners recommend ______.
A．trying to look first at the big picture
B．looking carefully at each of the small pieces
C．focusing on every word
D．“bottom-up” approach
【小题3】. The word “chore” in the first paragraph maybe means ______.
A．an important aspectB．a difficult and tiring thing
C．an easy questionD．something special
【小题4】. You come across a new or doubtful word when you are reading, you can ______.
A．just miss it and let it be
B．keep looking at the surrounding words
C．look it up in the dictionary each time
D．make sense of it with the help of dictionary


D
　　In the atmosphere,carbon dioxide actd rather like a one-way mirror or the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from excaping.
　　According to a weather expert's prediction,the atmosphere will be 3 warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn luels at the present rate. If this warming up took place,the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt,thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities.Also，the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere(半球),psooicbly resulting in an alteration of earth's chief food growing zones.
　　In the past,concern about a man - made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet.But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic,which may be affected by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from on burning of fuels.
　　Satellite pictures showthat large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing.The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place.This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.
　　However,most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere,where temperatures seem to be falling.Scientists conclude,therefore,that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man.The question is:Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?
　　One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun.Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and cold spots(that is,the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates(旋转),every 27.5 days,it presents hotter or colder faces to the earth,and different aspects to different parts of the earth.This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure,and consequently on wind circulation.The sun is also variable over a long term:its heat output goes up and down in cycles,the latest trend being downward.
　　Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years ,including the last Ice Age.The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not.
　　One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia(不活动，惰性) of the earth's climate.If this is right,the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter balance to the sun's diminishing heat.
　　68.It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ___.
　　　A.mean a warming - up im the Arctic
　　　B.raise the temperature of the earth's surface
　　　C.prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface
　　　D.account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemiphere
　　69.Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere,temperatures there seem to be falling.This is _______.
　　　A.mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising
　　　B.partly due to variations in the output of solar energy
　　　C.possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting
　　　D.exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earth's climate
　　70.On the basis of their models,scientists are of the opinion that ________.
　　　A.the climate of the world should be becoming cooler
　　　B.the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect
　　　C.the man - made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects
　　　D.it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth's climate to take effect

 

         Learners report two main difficulties in reading, which may be linked. There are too many unknown words and as a result reading is simply not a pleasure. For some students, even reading in their own language is a chore.

　　Having a wide vocabulary is essential to making sense of written language. Of course, this is a circular argument, because the more you read the more vocabulary you learn and the more words you know the more easily you can read. Don’t make the mistake of reading with your dictionary beside you, looking up every single new or doubtful word. This is laborious and prevents you from practicing the skill of prediction.

　　Sometimes in reading you find a word you know but the sense doesn’t seem to fit in. This is not surprising because words have so many meanings and degrees of meaning. What is more, part of their meaning is shaped by the words around them. Keep looking at the surrounding words and asking yourself “what sort of meaning would make sense here?”

　　The more that people study the reading process, the better they can pass on to language learners a range of advice to choose from. People have learned to read in all kinds of ways. Here is some information that could help you plan to be a better reader in the foreign language you are studying.

　　1）Work out the general meaning first

　　When people read in a new language they often feel they must take a detailed approach, focusing on every word, particularly those they don’t know. They read as if they were using a microscope, looking carefully at each of the small pieces（the individual words）, but not necessarily seeing the whole picture at first. This is called the “bottom-up” approach. Other readers try to look first at the big picture（the “top-down” approach）, attending to individual bricks only as necessary, a process that involves some intelligent guesswork. Generally this second approach is recommended by successful learners.

　　2）Interactive reading

　　Another way of thinking about reading is to describe it as an interactive process, where the text brings something to you and you bring something to the text. Readers bring together all their knowledge of the world with what they see on the page in front of them. That is why, when reading in our own language, we don’t need to read every word. We add meaning which is not actually stated.

　　3）From supported reading to independent reading

　　Language learners start by needing considerable support as they read. Textbooks supply this support in the form of introductions that summaries the contents, glossaries, pictures, explanations of new grammar points. In your reading you need to move gradually from this support to reading more the text itself.

1. According to the author, ________.

A. looking up the dictionary is of great help for the understanding

B. reading more promotes the gaining of vocabulary

         C. the more you read, the less useful the dictionary will be

         D. the amount of vocabulary is the key to reading

2. Successful learners recommend ________.

A. trying to look first at the big picture   B. looking carefully at each of the small pieces

C. focusing on every word                 D. “bottom-up” approach

3. The word “chore” in the first paragraph maybe means ________.

A. an important aspect             B. a difficult and tiring thing

C. an easy question          D. something special

4. You come across a new or doubtful word when you are reading, you can ________.

A. just miss it and let it be                 B. keep looking at the surrounding words

C. look it up in the dictionary each time  D. make sense of it with the help of dictionary

 

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