ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
3£®£¨1£©¸ÃζÈÏ£¬Ë®µÄÀë×Ó»ýKW=10-13£¬HAÊÇÈõ£¨Ìî¡°Ç¿¡±»ò¡°Èõ¡±£© Ëᣮ
£¨2£©¸ÃζÈÏ£¬½«pHÖ®ºÍΪ13µÄNaOHÈÜÒººÍHAÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏºó£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒº³ÊËᣨÌî¡°Ëᡱ¡¢¡°¼î¡±»ò¡°ÖС±£©ÐÔ£®
£¨3£©ÔÚÊÒÎÂÏ£¬ÓÃÕôÁóˮϡÊÍ0.01mol•L-1HAÈÜҺʱ£¬ÏÂÁи÷Ïî³Ê¼õСÇ÷ÊÆµÄÊÇBD£®
A£®$\frac{c£¨{H}^{+}£©}{c£¨{A}^{-}£©}$ B£®$\frac{c£¨HA£©}{c£¨{A}^{-}£©}$ C£®ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨H+£©ºÍc£¨OH-£©µÄ³Ë»ý D£®ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨A-£©•c£¨HA£©µÄÖµ
E£®Ë®µÄµçÀë³Ì¶È
£¨4£©ÊÒÎÂÏ£¬È¡pH=2µÄÑÎËáºÍHAÈÜÒº¸÷100mL£¬ÏòÆäÖзֱð¼ÓÈëÊÊÁ¿µÄZnÁ££¬·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐÁ½ÈÜÒºµÄpH±ä»¯ÈçͼËùʾ£º
¢ÙͼÖбíʾHAÈÜÒºpH±ä»¯ÇúÏßµÄÊÇB£¨Ìî¡°A¡±»ò¡°B¡±£©£®
¢ÚÉèÑÎËáÖмÓÈëZnµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªm1£¬HAÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëZnµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªm2£¬Ôòm1£¼m2£¨Ìî¡°£¾¡±¡¢¡°£¼¡±»ò¡°=¡±£©£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©0.01mol•L-1NaOHÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH-£©=10-2mol/L£¬ÒÑÖªpH=11£¬¸ù¾ÝKwµÄ¹«Ê½¼ÆË㣻0.1mol•L-1µÄHAÈÜÒºÖÐ$\frac{c£¨{H}^{+}£©}{c£¨O{H}^{-}£©}$=109£¬¸ù¾ÝKw¼ÆËãc£¨H+£©£¬ÔÙÅжÏËáÐÔÇ¿Èõ£»
£¨2£©pHÖ®ºÍΪ13µÄNaOHÈÜÒººÍHAÈÜÒº£¬c£¨OH-£©=c£¨H+£©£¬ÓÉÓÚËáÊÇÈõËᣬËáµÄŨ¶È´óÓÚÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶È£»
£¨3£©HAÊÇÈõµç½âÖÊ£¬¼ÓˮϡÊÍHA£¬´Ù½øHAµçÀ룬Ôòn£¨A-£©¡¢n£¨H+£©Ôö´ó£¬n£¨HA£©¼õС£¬µ«Ëá¸ùÀë×Ó¡¢ÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÔö´óµÄ³Ì¶ÈСÓÚÈÜÒºÌå»ýÔö´óµÄ³Ì¶È£¬ËùÒÔc£¨A-£©¡¢c£¨H+£©¡¢c£¨HA£©¶¼¼õС£¬¾Ý´Ë·ÖÎö½â´ð£»
£¨4£©HAÊÇÈõµç½âÖÊ£¬ÔÚ·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐHA¼ÌÐøµçÀë³öÇâÀë×Ó£¬Ôò·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐHAÖÐpHÔö´ó³Ì¶ÈСÓÚHCl£¬µ±ÍêÈ«·´Ó¦ºó£¬HAºÍÑÎËáÖÐpHÏàµÈ£¬ÔòHA·´Ó¦µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿´óÓÚÑÎËᣬ¸ù¾ÝËáºÍп֮¼äµÄ¹ØÏµ¼ÆË㣮
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©0.01mol•L-1NaOHÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH-£©=10-2mol/L£¬ÒÑÖªpH=11£¬¼´c£¨H+£©=10-11mol/L£¬ÔòKw=c£¨OH-£©¡Ác£¨H+£©=10-13£»0.1mol•L-1µÄHAÈÜÒºÖÐ$\frac{c£¨{H}^{+}£©}{c£¨O{H}^{-}£©}$=109£¬ÒÑÖªKw=10-13£¬Ôòc£¨H+£©=10-2mol/L£¬ÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈСÓÚËáµÄŨ¶È£¬ËùÒÔHAΪÈõË᣻
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º10-13£»Èõ£»
£¨2£©pHÖ®ºÍΪ13µÄNaOHÈÜÒººÍHAÈÜÒº£¬ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH-£©µÈÓÚ´×ËáÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨H+£©£¬ÓÉÓÚËáÊÇÈõËᣬËáµÄŨ¶È´óÓÚÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶È£¬ËùÒÔ»ìºÏºóËáÓÐÊ£Ó࣬ÔòÈÜÒºÏÔËáÐÔ£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºË᣻
£¨3£©A£®¼ÓˮϡÊÍ£¬c£¨A-£©¡¢c£¨H+£©¶¼¼õС£¬ÓÉÓÚˮҲµçÀë³öÇâÀë×Ó£¬ËùÒÔc£¨H+£©¼õСµÄ³Ì¶ÈС£¬Ôò$\frac{c£¨{H}^{+}£©}{c£¨{A}^{-}£©}$ »áÔö´ó£¬¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B£®¼ÓˮϡÊÍ£¬´Ù½øµçÀ룬Ôòn£¨A-£©Ôö´ó£¬n£¨HA£©¼õС£¬ËùÒÔ$\frac{c£¨HA£©}{c£¨{A}^{-}£©}$ ¼õС£¬¹ÊÕýÈ·£»
C£®ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨H+£©ºÍc£¨OH-£©µÄ³Ë»ýΪ³£Êý£¬Î¶Ȳ»±ä£¬Ôò c£¨H+£©ºÍc£¨OH-£©µÄ³Ë»ý²»±ä£¬¹ÊC´íÎó£»
D£®¼ÓˮϡÊÍ£¬ÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ýÔö´ó£¬c£¨A-£©Óëc£¨HA£©¾ù¼õС£¬ËùÒÔÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨A-£©•c£¨HA£©µÄÖµ¼õС£¬¹ÊDÕýÈ·£»
E£®¼ÓˮϡÊÍ£¬ÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ýÔö´ó£¬c£¨H+£©¼õС£¬¶ÔË®µÄµçÀëµÄÒÖÖÆ³Ì¶È¼õС£¬ËùÒÔË®µÄµçÀë³Ì¶ÈÔö´ó£¬¹ÊE´íÎó£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBD£»
£¨4£©¢ÙHAÊÇÈõµç½âÖÊ£¬ÔÚ·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐHAµçÀë³öÇâÀë×Ó£¬ËùÒÔ·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐHAÖÐC£¨H+£©´óÓÚHCl£¬ÔòHAÖÐpHÔö´ó³Ì¶ÈСÓÚHCl£¬ËùÒÔ±íʾHAÈÜÒºÖÐpH±ä»¯ÇúÏßΪB£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºB£»
¢Úµ±ÍêÈ«·´Ó¦ºó£¬HAºÍÑÎËáÖÐpHÏàµÈ£¬Ôò²Î¼Ó·´Ó¦µÄn£¨HA£©£¾n£¨HCl£©£¬ËáÏûºÄµÄÔ½¶à£¬Ôò²Î¼Ó·´Ó¦µÄZnµÄÖÊÁ¿Ô½´ó£¬ËùÒÔm1£¼m2£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¼£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÈõµç½âÖʵĵçÀëÆ½ºâ¼°ÆäÓ°Ïì¡¢pHÓëËáµÄÏ¡Ê͵È֪ʶ£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬×¢ÒâË®½â¹æÂÉÖÐÔ½ÈõԽˮ½âºÍÏ¡ÊÍÖÐÇ¿µÄ±ä»¯´óÀ´·ÖÎö½â´ð£¬×ÛºÏÐԽϴ󣬳ä·Ö¿¼²éÁËѧÉúµÄÁé»îÓ¦ÓÃÄÜÁ¦£®
4NO2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©?2N2O5£¨g£©
£¨1£©ÒÑ֪ƽºâ³£ÊýK350¡æ£¼K300¡æ£¬Ôò¸Ã·´Ó¦ÊÇ·ÅÈÈ·´Ó¦£¨Ìî¡°ÎüÈÈ¡±»ò¡°·ÅÈÈ¡±£©£»³£ÎÂÏ£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦ÄÜÄæÏò×Ô·¢½øÐУ¬ÔÒòÊÇÄæ·´Ó¦·½ÏòµÄ¡÷S£¾0£®
£¨2£©ÏÂÁÐÓйظ÷´Ó¦µÄ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇBD£®
A£®À©´óÈÝÆ÷Ìå»ý£¬Æ½ºâÏòÄæ·´Ó¦·½ÏòÒÆ¶¯£¬»ìºÏÆøÌåÑÕÉ«±äÉî
B£®ºãκãÈÝÏ£¬ÔÙ³äÈë2molNO2ºÍ1molO2£¬ÔٴδﵽƽºâʱNO2ת»¯ÂÊÔö´ó
C£®ºãκãÈÝÏ£¬µ±ÈÝÆ÷ÄÚµÄÃܶȲ»Ôٸı䣬Ôò·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬
D£®Èô¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄƽºâ³£ÊýÔö´ó£¬ÔòÒ»¶¨ÊǽµµÍÁËζÈ
£¨3£©µªµÄ»¯ºÏÎïÖÖÀà½Ï¶à£¬ÈçNH3¡¢NO¡¢NO2¡¢HNO3¡¢ÏõËáÑεȣ®
¢ÙÑÇÏõËáÊÇÒ»ÖÖÈõËᣬÄÜÖ¤Ã÷ÑÇÏõËáÊÇÈõµç½âÖʵÄÊÇAD£®
A£®³£ÎÂÏ£¬ÑÇÏõËáÄÆÈÜÒºµÄpH£¾7
B£®ÑÇÏõËáÄܺÍNaOH·¢ÉúÖкͷ´Ó¦
C£®ÓÃÑÇÏõ Ëá ÈÜÒº×öµ¼µçÐÔʵÑ飬µÆÅݺܰµ
D£®³£ÎÂÏ£¬½«pH=3µÄÑÇÏõËáÈÜҺϡÊÍ10±¶£¬pH£¼4
¢Ú¸ù¾ÝËá¼îÖÊ×ÓÀíÂÛ£¬·²ÊÇÄܸø³öÖÊ×ӵķÖ×Ó»òÀë×Ó¶¼ÊÇËᣬ·²ÊÇÄܽáºÏÖÊ×ӵķÖ×Ó»òÀë×Ó¶¼ÊǼ°´ÕÕÕâ¸öÀíÂÛ£¬ÏÂÁÐ΢Á£ÊôÓÚÁ½ÐÔÎïÖʵÄÊÇacd£®
a£®H2O
b£®NO2-
c£®H2NCH2COOH
d£®H2PO4-
e£®H2S
¢ÛµªÍ¬Ö÷×åÁ×ÔªËØÐγɵÄNa2HPO4ÈÜÒºÏÔ¼îÐÔ£¬ÈôÏòÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë×ãÁ¿µÄCaCl2ÈÜÒº£¬ÈÜÒºÔòÏÔËáÐÔ£¬ÆäÔÒòÊÇ3Ca2++2HPO42-=Ca3£¨PO4£©2¡ý+2H+£¨ÓÃÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ±íʾ£©£®
£¨4£©X¡¢Y¡¢Z¡¢W·Ö±ðÊÇHNO3¡¢NH4NO3¡¢NaOH¡¢NaNO2ËÄÖÖÇ¿µç½âÖÊÖеÄÒ»ÖÖ£®Ï±íÊdz£ÎÂÏÂŨ¶È¾ùΪ0.01mol•L-1µÄX¡¢Y¡¢Z¡¢WÈÜÒºµÄpH£®
| 0.01mol•L-1µÄÈÜÒº | X | Y | Z | W |
| pH | 12 | 2 | 8.5 | 4.5 |
£¨5£©N2O5ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÐÂÐÍÂÌÉ«Ïõ»¯¼Á£¬ÆäÖÆ±¸¿ÉÒÔÓÃÅðÇâ»¯ÄÆÈ¼ÁÏµç³Ø×÷µçÔ´£¬²ÉÓõç½â·¨ÖƱ¸µÃµ½N2O5£¬¹¤×÷ÔÀíÈçͼ£®ÔòÅðÇâ»¯ÄÆÈ¼ÁÏµç³ØµÄ¸º¼«·´Ó¦Ê½ÎªBH4-+8OH--8e-=BO2-+6H2O£®
| A£® | ±íʾ0.001 mol•LÒ»1ÑÎËáµÎ¶¨0.001 mol•LÒ»1NaOHÈÜÒºµÄµÎ¶¨ÇúÏß | |
| B£® | Ëùʾ£¬Ê¯Ä«µÄÈÛµã±È½ð¸ÕʯµÍ | |
| C£® | ±íʾµÄÊÇAl3+ÓëOHÒ»·´Ó¦Ê±º¬ÂÁ΢Á£Å¨¶È±ä»¯ÇúÏߣ¬Í¼ÖÐaÇøÓòµÄÎïÖÊÊÇAl£¨OH£©3 | |
| D£® | Ëùʾ£¬Í¼ÖеÄÒõÓ°²¿·ÖÃæ»ýµÄº¬ÒåÊÇ[v£¨Õý£©-v£¨Ä棩£©] |