Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.

In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra(冻土地带) starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this, plants tend to grow horizontal(水平的) branches low to the ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don’t have enough energy to make seeds.

But as Earth’s climate has been warming, trees no longer have to just grow horizontally. Many can instead grow up toward the sky. This takes less energy. And with all the leftover energy. these trees have started producing more seeds. This happens especially in places where the white spruce(白云杉) grows.

White spruce, which is a North American tree, is quite able to produce a lot of seeds, which can move long distances in the wind. When wind-blown seeds end up on the tundra beyond the tree line, they eventually can sprout(发芽) new trees. This explains how a forest can move. Of course, the process would work only if the tundra were warm enough. But in recent years, the whole planet has been warming.

New trees will provide shelters for some snow, keeping the sun’s rays from making the white surface disappear. Instead, the trees absorb the sun’s heat. This warms the surrounding air. The extra warmth encourages even more trees to produce seeds. That further boosts a forest’s ability to expand. In addition, more trees will trap more snow, preventing much of it from being blown away. Snow can trap heat in the soil below, which encourages trees to grow. The recent rise of temperature has helped more trees grow. The recent rise of temperatures has helped more trees grow past the tree line. People worry about impacts on the animals that depend on frozen conditions for food and shelter.

【1】What is the main cause of the trees in the Arctic moving northward?

A. The rising temperature.

B. The shrinking of northern tundra.

C. The fierce and cold wind.

D. The abundant resources in the north.

【2】What does the underlined word“this”in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. To produce more seeds.

B. To move northward.

C. To respond to the climate change.

D. To protect themselves from the cold wind.

【3】What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. New trees can trap the snow, which may make the soil colder.

B. The trapped snow prevents new trees from producing more seeds.

C. New trees can make the surrounding air warmer.

D. New trees can bring more food and shelter for local animals.

【4】The passage is most probably taken from _______.

A. a health report B. a science report

C. a fashion magazine D. a children’s magazine

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

If the crust (外壳) of the earth were not pretty solid (坚固的), it would be shaking about and moving up and down frequently. However, there are places in the rocks of the earth’s crust where it isn’t strongly held together—where faults exist. Along the faults, one rock might push against another with great force. The energy is changed to vibration in the rocks, so they begin to shake and we have an earthquake!

The most famous one in North America was the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. Seven hundred people died and property (财产) damage amounted to about $425,000,000.The greatest destruction came from the fires that followed the quake.

One of the most famous earthquakes in Europe took place in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1755. The city was destroyed and at least thirty thousand people were killed. In 1908, in Calabria and Sicily, a quake killed about seventyfive thousand people. In 1915, in central Italy, hundreds of towns and villages were damaged and thirty thousand people were killed.

Two great earthquakes that caused great damage in Asia took place in Tokyo, Japan, and in Gansu Province in China. The Tokyo quake of 1923 killed more than one hundred thousand people and destroyed the city and the city of Yokohama, too. The Chinese quake in 1920 covered more than three hundred square miles and killed about two hundred thousand people.

【1】The first paragraph mainly tells us ________.

A. where earthquakes happen

B. how earthquakes happen

C. the damage caused by earthquakes

D. famous earthquakes in the world

【2】The underlined word “vibration” in the first paragraph probably means “_______”.

A. shaking B. force C. energy D. losing

【3】Which of the following earthquakes killed the most people?

A. The San Francisco earthquake.

B. The earthquake in Lisbon, Portugal.

C. The earthquake in Calabria and Sicily.

D. The earthquake in central Italy.

【4】According to the passage, we can learn that ________.

A. the earth’s crust in Europe is weaker than that in other places

B. there were 75,000 people killed in the San Francisco earthquake

C. the city of Yokohama was not greatly influenced by the Tokyo quake

D. the fires following the San Francisco earthquake caused more damage than the earthquake did

Mary wanted to be a nurse when he left school. Meanwhile, she joined the Red Cross and had some limited training. She taught that in case of an accident she should give the person first aid at once or then send for a doctor. One day, there were an accident in a busy street. When Mary arrived in, she saw a man bending over a woman who had been knocked down by a car and lied motionless in the street. Mary ran up, pushed the man away, informed the crowd what she was a Red Cross nurse and began to help a wounded woman. After a few minutes, the man said, "While you reach the part about send for a doctor, don’t worry. I’m here already."

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Last month, it was my first time to have a bus tour for sightseeing(观光) in Hong Kong. It’s really pleasant and interesting. Sitting on the second floor of the bus, I visited Hong Kong in a different way. When the bus passed along the street, all the buildings along the way seemed very close to me. I bought a one day pass priced around US $6 to enjoy unlimited (不受限制的) rides on two important routes. I started the trip from Central Star Ferry, and took the H1 Heritage Route (遗产路线) to travel around the Central and Western District. After leaving Star Ferry, the bus passed Western Market and Hollywood Road, where the famous antique (古董) shops are located, then Man Mo Temple. Not only could I see on the bus, I also got off at many stops. I got off in Man Mo Temple and walked along Lascar Row. Then, I got on the sightseeing bus to Dr Sun Yatsen Museum, which was built in 1914 to honor the father of the Republic of China. And the famous Hong Kong University left a good impression on me. After traveling back through the dried seafood shops without stopping, I went to the last stop at Star Ferry.

After the heritage journey, I took the H2 Metropolis Route for my shopping tour. I left from Star Ferry and traveled through Wanchai to Causeway Bay and Times Square for shopping. Having bought a lot of things, I went back.

Though tired, I did have lots of fun on my one day bus tour!

【1】How did the writer have the tour around Hong Kong?

A. On foot.B. By bus.C. By subway.D. By bike.

【2】Where are the antique shops?

A. At Central Star Ferry.B. On Hollywood Road.

C. In Western Market. D. In Lascar Row.

【3】Which of the following did the writer NOT do while taking the H1 Heritage Route?

A. Visit Man Mo Temple. B. Walk along Lascar Row.

C. Buy some dried seafood. D. Visit Hong Kong University.

【4】Why did the writer take the H2 Metropolis Route?

A. To buy some things.

B. To travel through Wanchai.

C. To visit St. John’s Cathedral.

D. To visit the Dr Sun Yatsen Museum.

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city.

Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn’t built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city.

Even so, travel isn’t difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat.

Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge, and there’s nothing special. But when they come back to the bridge an hour later, it’s underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes.

Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean (北冰洋) melt (融化). Every year, high waters hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater.

Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italy’s biggest companies to build the MOST project, which was planned to be build under the seawater to stop the rising water. Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem.

【1】Which is the best way to travel in Venice?

A. The waterways. B. Taxis and cars.

C. 400 bridges. D. Boats and rain shoes.

【2】What doesn’t cause Venice to get lower and lower?

A. The ice of the Arctic Ocean melt.

B. Seawater is everywhere around the city.

C. People used too much underground water

D. The temperature has become higher over the years.

【3】What can we infer from the last passage?

A. Venice is sure to stop getting lower.

B. High waters won’t hit Venice any more.

C. Scientists can solve the problems easily.

D. Some possible ways help to solve the problem.

【4】What’s the best title of this passage?

A. The History of Venice

B. The MOST Project of Venice.

C. The Places of Interest of Venice

D. The Specials and Problems of Venice

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/\)，并在其下面写出该加的词；

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉；

修改：在错词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

I’ll never forget the story which happen on a bus the other day. It was a wind day I got on the bus after school. A young lady was standing next to me. In a flash, a strong wind blew through the window. A lady’s false hair was blown away. To our surprises, she was hairless. While she was wondering what to do it, many passengers laughed loudly. So she managed to hold back her tears. Saw this, I picked up her false hair and said, “Don’t sad, Miss. I’m sure your hair will grow soon.” When I glanced to other passengers, they all quick nodded their heads with shame.

初，武与李陵俱为侍中。武使匈奴，明年，陵降，不敢求武。久之，单于使陵至海上，为武置酒设乐。因谓武曰：“单于闻陵与子卿素厚，故使陵来说足下，虚心欲相待。终不得归汉，空自苦亡人之地，信义安所见乎?前长君为奉车，从至雍棫阳宫，扶辇下除，触柱折辕，劾大不敬，伏剑自刎，赐钱二百万以葬。孩卿从祠河东后土，宦骑与黄门驸马争船，推堕驸马河中溺死，宦骑亡，诏使孺卿逐捕，不得，惶恐饮药而死。来时太夫人已不幸，陵送葬至阳陵。子卿妇年少，闻已更嫁矣。独有女弟二人，两女一男，今复十余年，存亡不可知。人生如朝露，何久自苦如此！陵始降时，忽忽如狂，自痛负汉，加以老母系保宫。子卿不欲降，何以过陵？且陛下春秋高，法令亡常，大臣亡罪夷灭者数十家，安危不可知，子卿尚复谁为乎?愿听陵计，勿复有云。”武曰：“武父子亡功德，皆为陛下所成就，位列将，爵通侯，兄弟亲近，常愿肝脑涂地。今得杀身自效，虽蒙斧钺汤镬，诚甘乐之。臣事君，犹子事父也，子为父死，无所恨，愿勿复再言！”

陵与武饮数日，复曰：“子卿壹听陵言！”武曰：“自分已死久矣！王必欲降武，请毕今日之，效死于前！”陵见其至诚，喟然叹曰：“嗟乎，义士！陵与卫律之罪上通于天！”因泣下霑衿，与武决去。

【1】下列各句加线的词解释不正确的一项是

A．扶辇下除，触柱折辕 除：台阶。

B．推堕驸马河中溺死，宦骑亡 亡：死亡。

C．单于闻陵与子卿素厚 素：一向。

D．加以老母系保宫 系：拘押。

【2】下列语句中加线字的意义和用法相同的一项是

A．①久之，单于使陵至海上 ②空自苦亡人之地

B．①前长君为奉车 ②皆为陛下所成就

C．①赐钱二百万以葬 ②加以老母系保宫

D．①武与李陵俱为侍中 ②单于闻陵与子卿素厚

【3】下列语句编成四组，全部是李陵劝苏武投降的理由的一项是

①单于闻陵与子卿素厚

②终不得归汉，空自苦亡人之地

③子卿妇年少，闻已更嫁矣

④人生如朝露，何久自苦如此

⑤大臣亡罪夷灭者数十家

⑥臣事君，犹子事父也

A．①④⑤ B．①③⑥ C．②③⑤ D．②④⑥

【4】下列对本文内容的评述中，有误的一项是

A．先至匈奴且投降匈奴的李陵在“武使匈奴”后不敢求武”，今天看来，是李陵“愧见武”。

B．李陵说降，先言苏武家人的不幸，以绝其归汉之思；后言自身异志的前因后果，欲将心比心，希望以情动之。

C．从苏武对李陵劝降的答语可以看出，苏武的忠汉拒降，一是知恩图报，二是忠君传统。

D．节选的文字是将苏武的忠君与李陵的叛国对比展现的。今天看来，苏武的报恩、忠君未免狭隘，但这正是古代仁人志士爱国的基础和途径。

【5】把文中画横线的语句翻译成现代汉语。

（1）终不得归汉，空自苦亡人之地，信义安所见乎？

译文：________________________________________

（2）大臣亡罪夷灭者数十家，安危不可知。

译文：________________________________________

（3）王必欲降武，请毕今日之，效死于前！

译文：________________________________________

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。

My friend Jennie Crossen gave her bone marrow (骨髓) to a 51-year-old woman with leukemia, a woman she has never met.

At the end of March, the Red Cross called back. Six different blood elements were tested; Jennie matched five completely and was about a 3/4 match of the sixth. So she was the best match.

In April, Jennie went for a complete physical exam by one of the doctors who would perform the surgery. The doctor had to make sure that it would be no threat to her. The doctor told her that the surgery would entail having two quarts of bone marrow extracted from her hip bones. Jennie would probably be released the same day the surgery took place and should expect to be sore for a couple of months.

"I didn't think it was that big a deal until I realized I was a match," Jennie said, "There wasn't a question in my head. It didn't seem like something that was going above and beyond."

Jennie was left with two very small scars on her lower back from the surgery and was given medication to help dull the pain. She still felt a great deal of pressure on her lower back. "Being only 21, I feel like I am not old enough to significantly impact someone's life," Jennie said, "It seems strange to me that I could possibly save this woman's life which was being cut short by cancer."

Three weeks after the surgery, Jennie received a call from the Red Cross representative who told her the transplant was successful. "I feel good, and I think it will actually work for her," she said, "So many people say they'd only donate if it was for a family member or close friend. This woman is someone's family and someone's friend. Obviously, no one she knows is a match, and the fact that you'd be able to help a perfect stranger is great."

【1】 Jennie Crossen gave her bone marrow to .

A. a close friend B. a stranger

C. a classmate D. a relative

【2】Before Jennie Crossen knew she was the best match, her feeling could described as “ ”.

A. frightened B. nervous C. calm D. excited

【3】The underlined word "impact" in Paragraph 5 probably means .

A. take pleasure in the beauty

B. devote all one's life to something

C. end the dangerous practice of something

D. have an important effect on something

【1】What would be the best title of this passage?

A. A Great Woman B. To Save a Stranger

C. My Good Friend D. Jennie's Life Blood

琅嬛福地记

（明）张岱

晋太康中，张茂先①为建安从事，游于洞山。缘溪深入，有老人枕书石上卧，茂先坐与论说。视其所枕书，皆蝌蚪文，莫能辨，茂先异之。老人问茂先曰：“君读书几何？”茂先曰：“华之未读者，二十年内书；若二十年外书，则华固已读尽之矣。”老人微笑，把茂先臂走石壁下，忽有门入，途径甚宽，至一精舍，藏书万卷。问老人曰：“何书？”曰：“世史也。”又至一室，藏书欲富。又问“何书?”老人曰：“万国志也。”后至一密室，扃钥甚固，有二黑犬守之，上有暑篆，曰“琅嬛福地”。问老人曰：“何地？”曰：“此玉京、全真、七瑛、丹书、秘籍。”指二犬曰：“此痴龙也，守此二千年矣。”开门肃茂先入，见所藏书，皆秦汉以前及海外诸国事，多所未闻。如《三坟》《九丘》《连山》《归藏》《桍杌》《春秋》诸书，亦皆在焉。茂先爽然自失。老人乃出酒果饷之，鲜洁非人世所有。茂先为停信宿而出，谓老人曰：“异日裹粮再访，纵观群书。”老人笑不答，送茂先出。甫出，门石忽然自闭。茂先回视之，但见杂草藤萝，绕石而生，石上苔藓亦合，初无缝隙。茂先痴然伫视，望石再拜而去。

嬴氏焚书史，咸阳火正炽。此中有全书，并不遗只字。上溯书契前，结绳亦有记。鹞前视伏羲，已是其叔李。海外多名郭，九州一黑痣。读书三十乘，千万中一二。方知余见小，春秋问蛄蟪。石彭与凫毛，所见同儿稚。欲入问老人，路迷不得至。回首绝壁间，荒蔓惟薜荔。懊恨一出门，可望不可企。坐卧十年许，此中或开市。

【注】①张茂先：名华，字茂先。西晋文学家。

【1】对下列句子中加点词语的解释，不正确的一项是

A．开门肃茂先入 肃：恭敬的样子。

B．茂先为停信宿而出 信宿：两三天。

C．异日裹粮再访 裹粮：携带粮食。

D．读书三十乘 乘：车。

【2】下列各组句子中，加点词的意义和用法不相同的一组是

A． B．

C． D．

【3】下列对原文有关内容的概括与赏析，不正确的一项是

A．在张茂先的自矜面前，老人“微笑”；当张茂先提出“裹粮再访”的请求时，老人

又笑而不答。两“笑”之下，老人宽容、神秘的形象呼之欲出。

B．本文借一个充满神异色彩的故事，揭示了山外有山、不可妄自尊大的道理；《桃花

源记》则借虚构桃源仙境寄托社会理想：两文有异曲同工之妙。

C．本文叙事简练，描写细腻，结尾议及“嬴氏焚书史”，旨在批评秦王嬴政焚书坑儒，

导致典籍损毁的行为，体现了“记”叙议结合的特征。

D．张岱行文善于渲染，笔墨传神：说老人，则有“枕书石上卧”；写福地，则有痴龙

“守此二千年矣”。结尾用韵文的形式点明主旨，发人深思。

【4】把文中画线的句子译成现代汉语。（7分）

（1）茂先爽然自失。老人乃出酒果饷之，鲜洁非人世所有。（3分）

译文：_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

（2）方知余见小，春秋问蛄蟪。（4分）

译文：_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

【5】用“/”给下面的文段断句。（3分）

进言者皆曰天下已安已治矣臣独以为未也曰安且治者非愚则谀皆非事实知治乱之体者也夫抱石厝之积薪之下而寝其上火未及燃因谓之安方今之势何以异此

（选自贾谊《治安策》）