题目内容

【题目】下表为2000－2050年中国人口发展趋势统计表（表中数据为百分比），读表回答下列问题。

年龄指标

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

0～14

24．84

20．25

18．83

17．17

16．21

16．09

15～59

65．07

67．49

64．34

59．23

56．22

53．93

60+

10．10

12．26

16．83

23．60

27．57

29．95

80+

0．89

1．33

1．85

2．71

4．43

7．00

100+

0．0009

0．0022

0．0045

0．0092

0．0172

0．0338

4．【1】关于表中信息解读错误的是（ ）

A．劳动适龄人口持续减少

B．人均寿命不断延长

C．社会负担越来越重

D．青少年比重不断下降

【2】针对表中反映的主要人口问题，合理的应对措施是（ ）

①放开生育政策，鼓励生育 ②适当调整生育政策 ③继续完善社会养老等保障措施

④建立完善的儿童养育和教育服务体系 ⑤大量从国外移民

A．①③④ B．②③④ C．③④⑤ D．①③⑤

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【解析】

试题分析：

【1】从表中提取信息，15-59岁年龄段百分比代表劳动适龄人口比例，先增加，后减少。从100+年龄比例百分比不断增加推测人均寿命不断延长。从图中0-14岁青少年比重不断下降，另外60+人口比例不断上升，人口老龄化越来越严重，社会负担越来越重。故选A。

【2】从0-14岁青少年比例不断下降，由于中国人口基数大，避免过大人口压力，仍需计划生育，但可以适当调整生育政策，建立完善的儿童养育和教育服务体系。60+以上人口比重不断上升，说明人口老龄化严重，应继续完善社会养老保障措施。本国人口压力较大，不适宜接纳国外移民。故选B。

人口问题

解决措施

人口性别结构不合理（男性比重偏高）

严格计划生育政策，转变人口生育观念

人口素质较低

大力发展科技教育，提高人口素质

人口地区分布不平衡

加强经济建设，提高和改善落后地区的社会经济条件

人口流动日趋活 跃

积极发展交通，积极发展经济，缩小地区发展差距，增加就地就业机会

空巢老人、留守儿童、独生子女家庭增多

发展社会保障事业，增加就地就业岗位和机会等

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