题目内容

【题目】下面是甲午战争期间中日双方参战士兵体格调查表。据此可推知

年龄(岁)

身高(cm)

体重(kg)

胸围(cm)

呼吸伸缩差(cm)

肺气容量(mL)

握力(kg)

日兵

21.4

165.1

60.88

84.95

10.36

3631

41

清兵

29.8

166.65

54.75

89.5

10.24

3129

31

A.清军战斗给养落后日军 B.军人体质决定战争结局

C.清朝不够重视军队建设 D.清军战斗精神不及日军

【答案】C

【解析】由表格信息可知日兵在年龄、体重、肺气活量、握力上均要优于清兵,说明日兵整体的身体素质强于清兵,表明清政府没有严格进行军队士兵的挑选与训练,也从侧面说明清政府不够重视军队建设,C项正确。从表格中不能体现日清军队战斗力以及给养的比较,排除A。表格反映日清军人体质有差异,但军人体质的差异不能决定战争结局,说法太绝对,排除B项。表格中没有体现清军与日军的战斗精神,排除D。 综上所述,本题正确答案为C。

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【题目】D

In this season for thanks and giving, even the most thoughtful children may not offer much gratitude for what they receive. And you’d be wise not to expect it. All the research I’ve done has convinced me that it’s not going to happen.

As parents, we don’t consider our holiday gifts an “exchange relationship” since we know the time, money, and effort we put in to buy them. But kids have a different view. One mom told me that when she asked her 16-year-old son to thank her for buying him a cellphone, he said, “But that’s what moms should do, isn’t it?”

From a teenager’s view, it’s a parent’s responsibility to take care of the family, and playing Santa is part of the job. According to Yarrow Dunham, Yale’s assistant professor of Psychology, “When teenagers code it that way, a gift is no longer something given freely and voluntarily — it’s just mom and dad’s living up to their obligation.”

Kids can’t know how blessed they are unless they have a basis for comparison. We need to give our children the gift of a wider world view. Take them to a soup kitchen instead of to the mall. Become the secret Santa for a needy family. Show by example that gratitude isn’t about stuff — which ultimately can’t make any of us happy anyway. It’s about realizing how lucky you are.

Set up a family ritual at bedtime where kids describe three things that made them grateful. When kids go off to college, you can text them a picture of something that inspires your appreciation each week. Whether it’s a friend, a snowflake, or a sunset, the spirit of the photos will help you and them see the world differently.

Teaching children to focus on the positive and appreciate the goodness in their lives is perhaps the greatest gift we can give them. And we can all learn together that the things that really matter aren’t on sale at a department store.

【1】Children express no thanks for gifts because _______.

A. they regard them as an “exchange relationship”

B. they think badly of the gifts

C. children are not as considerate as adults

D. gifts are not what they expect

【2】Parents should make the kids know how blessed they are by _______.

A. buying them a cellphone

B. becoming the secret Santa for a needy family

C. taking them to a soap factory instead of to the mall

D. texting them a picture of something that inspires your appreciation each week

【3】To make children grateful for what they have, parents should _______.

A. set an example to children

B. teach them not to care about gifts

C. ask children to cook themselves

D. describe things they are grateful for

【4】As far as the author is concerned, no gifts are greater than _______.

A. helping kids see the world differently

B. learning together things that matter

C. teaching kids to think positively

D. making kids realize they are lucky

【题目】阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一 国子监是唐代教育管理机关和最高学府,有学习儒家经典分别面向三品、五品、七品以上官僚子弟的国子学、太学、四门学,和学习专门技术面向八品以下子弟及庶人的律学、书学、算学。唐代制订了严格的措施管理国子监学员,如规定生徒在学三年,不回家探望父母,学校必须以道德训喻,勉之归觐等。国子监学员所学内容主要有《礼记》、《诗经》、《周礼》、《仪礼》、《易经》、《尚书》、《孝经》、《论语》等,与进士、明经科的考试要求基本一致。学校每岁向礼部荐送参加科举考试者,如学业不佳而多年不堪荐送,或荐送后屡年落第,则往往要被学校解退除名。唐代前期,进士及第而享文名者,大多由监生徒出身,主考官在取舍中,也有意偏重生徒。

——摘编自《国子监的源起和发展》等

材料二 下表为京师大学堂专业设置简表。

科目

专业

备注

经学科

周易、论语、春秋、理学等

各科预科阶段均须开设的课程:经学大义、人伦道德、中国文学、外国语、体操

政法科

政治、法律

文学科

中外史学、地理、文学等

商科

银行及保险、关税等

格致科

算学、化学、物理等

农科

农学、林学等

工科

机器、造船、电气等

医科

医学、药学

——据1904年《奏定大学堂章程》

备注:京师大学堂创立于1898年,是中国第一所国立大学,1910年京师大学堂开办分科大学,共开办经科、法政科、文科、格致科、农科、工科、商科,设十三学门,一个近代意义的综合性大学初具规模。

材料三 1952年教育部按照中共中央“以培养工业建设人才和师资为重点,发展专门学校,整顿和加强综合性大学”的方针,提出了“及时培养供应各种建设事业(首先是工业)所必需的高、中级干部和技术人才”的任务,为此决定增加高等学校95所,其中高等工学院50所,师范学院25所。教育部拟定发布了“关于全国高等学校1952年的调整设置方案”,仿照苏联高校模式,以华北、华东和东北三区为重点实施全国高校院系调整。这次调整的特点是:除保留少数文理科综合性大学外,按行业归口建立单科性高校;大力发展独立建制的工科院校,相继新设钢铁、地质、航空、矿业、水利等专门学院和专业。

——《1952年中国高等院校的院系调整全宗》华东师范大学版

(1)根据材料一、二并结合所学知识,分别指出唐朝国子监和晚清京师大学堂的办学特点,并分析其对中国古代社会和近代社会发展的影响。

(2)据材料三及所学知识分析1952年我国高等院校的院系调整的背景。综上概括指出文化教育与社会发展的关系。

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