题目内容

【题目】语法填空

Everyone likes to have friends 1 are trustworthy. When what we say matches what we do, we earn trust and friendship. On the contrary(与此相反), once we break our word, nobody will ever trust 2 again. For example, if you are 3 untrustworthy worker, you are less likely to get a promotion. Therefore, the 4 (important) of keeping one’s word cannot be stressed too much.

I once had the unpleasant experience of someone breaking his promise to me. Last month, everyone in my class had to gather at school 5 6:30 AM for our 6 (graduate) trip. My friend Ben asked me 7 (meet) him at McDonald’s at six, but he never showed up. I was 8 (depress) that when I called him, he told me he was already at school. I 9 (rush) straight there, but all my classmates still blamed me for delaying the trip. After that, I ended my friendship with Ben because I don’t need 10 (friend) who can’t keep their word.

【答案】

1.who/that 考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句,先行词是friends,连接词在从句中充当主语,不能省略,应用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。

2.us 考查代词。句意:相反,一旦我们不守承诺,那么没有人会再相信我们。此处作trust的宾语,应使用“我们”的宾格形式。故填us。

3.an 考查不定冠词。此处泛指“一个不值得信任的人”,应使用不定冠词,untrustworthy是以元音因素开头的词。故填an。

4.importance 考查词性转化。分析句意可知,此处指“守信的重要性”,应使用important的名词形式,且名词“重要性”为不可数名词。故填importance。

5.at 考查介词搭配。表示“在几点钟”,要使用介词at。故填at。

6.graduation 考查词性转化。“我们的毕业之旅”,此处为名词作定语,应使用graduate的名词形式。故填graduation。

7.to meet 考查不定式。固定搭配:ask sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。故填to meet。

8.depressed 考查词性转化。此处修饰“我”的感情——“郁闷的”,应使用depress的ed形容词。故填depressed。

9.rushed 考查动词时态。根据语境可知,此处描述的是过去的动作,应使用rush的一般过去式。故填rushed。

10.friends 考查名词的数。根据定语从句中“their word”可知,此处指“我不需要那些不守承诺的朋友”。故填friends。

【解析】略

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【题目】Passage 4(2017·北京卷)

Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71

One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 73

Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.

If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.

Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 You keep what matters, Tononi says.

A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.

B. Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

C. Similarly, when span>people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.

D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.

E. Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.

F. Sleep is the price we pay for learning, says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.

G. Tononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.

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