题目内容

【题目】牧童经济是一个生动的比喻,指一种现有的对自然界进行掠夺、破坏的经济模式。据此完成下列各题

【1】下列结果中由牧童经济造成的是(

A.破坏性地震 B.土地沙化日益严重

C.火山喷发烟尘满天 D.海啸破坏的海岸设施

【2】下列关于牧童经济的叙述,正确的是(

它是发展中国家的产物,而发达国家不会产生;

是一种低投入、高效率的模式;

体现传统发展模式的特点;

体现了人类活动与地理环境间的尖锐矛盾

A.①③ B.②④ C.②③ D.③④

【答案】

【1】B

【2】D

【解析】

试题分析:

【1】根据材料,牧童经济 是一种现有的对自然界进行掠夺、破坏的经济模式,属于人类活动。造成的结果是土地沙化日益严重,B对。破坏性地震、火山喷发烟尘满天是内力作用造成,不是牧童经济,A、C错。海啸破坏的海岸设施是气象灾害,不属于人类活动,D错。

【2】 牧童经济在发展中国家、发达国家都曾产生过,错。是一种低投入、低效率的模式,错。体现传统发展模式的特点,对。体现了人类活动与地理环境间的尖锐矛盾,对。D对,A、B、C错。

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【题目】Passage 4(2017·北京卷)

Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71

One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 73

Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.

If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.

Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 You keep what matters, Tononi says.

A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.

B. Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

C. Similarly, when span>people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.

D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.

E. Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.

F. Sleep is the price we pay for learning, says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.

G. Tononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.

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