题目内容
【题目】北京(40°)某中学高中生开展地理课外活动，在连续三个月内三次测量正午太阳高度角，获得测量的数据（见下表）。据此完成下列问题。
第一次 | 第二次 | 第三次 |
60° | 50° | 40° |
【1】从第一次到第三次测量期间，该地昼夜长短状况及其变化是
A. 先昼短夜长，后昼长夜短，昼渐短
B. 先昼长夜短，后昼短夜长，夜渐短
C. 先昼短夜长，后昼长夜短，夜渐短
D. 先昼长夜短，后昼短夜长，昼渐短
【2】三次测量中，其中一次测量的当天，正值
A. 春分日 B. 夏至日 C. 秋分日 D. 冬至日
【答案】
【1】D
【2】C
【解析】试题分析：
【1】由资料可知，在连续3个月，该地太阳高度在递减；由公式正午太阳高度＝90°- 当地纬度±直射点的纬度，第1次测量时，太阳直射北半球，第2次测量时太阳直射赤道，第3次测量时太阳直射点在南半球，北京昼长变化是选昼长夜短，后昼渐短夜渐长，至昼短夜长，故D项正确。
【2】第1次测量时，太阳直射北半球，第2次测量时太阳直射赤道，第3次测量时太阳直射点在南半球；太阳直射点由北向南移动，说明第2次测量时是当地的秋分日，故C项正确。
【题目】Passage2（2017·新课标卷II，D）
体裁 | 话题 | 词数 | 难度 | 建议时间 |
说明文 | 当植物受到攻击时会保护自己并与周围植物交流 | 293 | ★★★☆☆ | 7分钟 |
When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunh.
In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的)
than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.
【1】What does a plant do when it is under attack?
A. It makes noises.
B. It gets help from other plants.
C. It stands quietly
D. It sends out certain chemicals.
【2】What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?
A. The attackers get attacked.
B. The insects gather under the table.
C. The plants get ready to fight back.
D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.
【3】Scientists find from their studies that plants can .
A. predict natural disasters
B. protect themselves against insects
C. talk to one another intentionally
D. help their neighbors when necessary
【4】what can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The world is changing faster than ever.
B.People have stronger senses than before
C. The world is more complex than it seems
D. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative.