题目内容

【题目】十八届五中全会决定全面实施一对夫妇可生育两个孩子政策，简称“全面二孩”。这是继 “单独二孩”政策之后的又一次人口政策调整。完成下列问题。

【1】“全面二孩”政策的实施后，短期内可能

A．缓解劳动力短缺局面 B．降低家庭养老负担

C．加重毕业生就业压力 D．影响劳动力职业构成

【2】“单独二孩”政策的实施并没有预期的新生人口增长，其原因主要有

①生育观念转变

②抚养成本上升

③医疗卫生条件改进

④女性人口受教育程度提高

A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【解析】

试题分析：

【1】认真审题，注意关键词“短期内”；“全面二孩”政策的实施后，短期内，新增人口不能转化成劳动力，所以不能缓解劳动力短缺局面，不能降低家庭养老负担，故排除选项A、B；“全面二孩”政策短期内可能使婴幼儿比重增大，教育、医疗等需要的劳动力增加，影响劳动力职业构成，但不会加重毕业生就业压力，故选项D正确。

【2】医疗卫生条件改进，会降低死亡率，与新生人口增长少无关，故排除③；随着我国经济的发展，新生人口的抚养成本上升；由于女性人口受教育程度提高，婚育观念转变，而且人们“多子多福”等生育观念逐渐转变，所以“单独二孩”政策的实施并没有预期的新生人口增长，故选项C正确。

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