One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试)increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.

【1】（小题1）What is the main idea of paragraph 1?

A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.

B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.

C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.

D. Stories for children are easy to remember.

【2】（小题2）The author explains the law of overlearning by_________.

A. presenting research findings B. setting down general rules

C. making a comparison D. using examples

【3】（小题3）According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is_______.

A. a result of overlearning B. a special case of cramming

C. a skill to deal with math problems D. a basic step towards advanced studies

【4】（小题4）What is the author's opinion on cramming?

A. It leads to failure in college exams. B. It's helpful only in a limited way.

C. It's possible to result in poor memory. D. It increases students' learning interest.

---Yes. If it is true, I’m afraid I will___________ see him on screen.

A. sometimesB. oftenC. alwaysD. hardly

【1】A. 7:30 AM—8:00 PMB. 8:00 AM—7:30 PMC. 8:00 AM—7:00 PM

【2】A. 5B. 10C. 15

【3】A. Saturday afternoonB. Sunday morningC. Saturday morning

【4】A. singersB. dancersC. players

【5】A. a drinkB. a sandwichC. a salad

【1】What’s wrong with Bob?

A. He has a toothache.B. His arms hurt.C. His leg is broken.

【2】What does the woman advise Bob to do?

A. Have a cup of tea.B. Go to hospital.C. Color few boxes.

【3】What is the relationship between the two speakers?

A. Mother and son.B. Husband and wife.C. Doctor and patient.

【1】How will they go to Shanghai this Saturday ?

A. By plane.B. By coach.C. By train.

【2】Where are they going to meet?

A. At a bus stop.B. At the school gate.C. In the station.

many with careful suggest list

many with careful suggest list

Do you like eating strawberries? Don’t forget to wash them 【1】 before eating. According to the US Environmental Working Group (EWG) strawberries tend to have the 【2】 pesticides (农药).

The EWG also listed other dirty fruits based on pesticide contamination (污染). Are there any that you like to eat on their 【3】? “Dirty five”: strawberries, spinach, nectarines, apples and grapes.

The group 【4】 that people can wash these fruits and vegetables under tap water for 30 seconds. This can help to get rid of pesticides.

The group also listed “clean fruits and vegetables” 【5】 the least amount of pesticides. Let’s take a look! “Clean five”: avocados, sweet corns, pineapples, cabbages and onions.

【1】She stood in the _______ (中央的) part of the stage and began to bow to the audience.

【2】What special day is it today? Could you please check the ________ (日历) for me?

【3】The two Germans talk to us very _______ (礼貌地) whenever they meet us.

【4】We want to make a beautiful card by ourselves as a gift for my mother’s __ (四十四) birthday.

【5】The book has been _____ (翻译) into a lot of languages already.

【6】It’s very kind of you to give me so many _____ (有价值的) suggestions.

【7】They are lucky to be _______ (活着的) because many died during the horrible natural disaster.

【8】What he said just now is _______ (可相信的) because most of us have met this kind of thing already.

【9】We usually feel very happy when we have _______ (克服) the difficulty in our life.

【10】You can hardly achieve what you dream of ________ (除非) you work hard enough.

Reading this message may need a special trick. Here is how you can make the words appear.

You’ll need:

● Half of a lemon

● Cup or small glass with four table spoons of water in it

● Cotton swab (棉签)

● White paper

● Electric lamp

● Milk

You’ll do:

31. ________→32. ________→33.________→34.________

What happens?

Lemon juice is clear, but it contains chemicals that are partly made of carbon (碳). The chemicals break down when they are heated and the carbon causes them to change color.

A. Hold the paper close to the light bulb to heat it. You can see the writing now.

B. Dip the swab into the juice and water mixture and write some words on the paper.

C. Squeeze (挤) some lemon juice into the water and mix them.

D. Let the paper dry. Show it to someone and ask if he or she can see a message on it.

A. Hold the paper close to the light bulb to heat it. You can see the writing now.

B. Dip the swab into the juice and water mixture and write some words on the paper.

C. Squeeze (挤) some lemon juice into the water and mix them.

D. Let the paper dry. Show it to someone and ask if he or she can see a message on it.

【1】______

【2】______

【3】______

【4】______

【5】Which of the following can be the best title?

A. Perfect messages.B. Pleasant messages.

C. Important messages.D. Invisible (看不见的) messages.

For the curious hacker (黑客) who has gained access to your online account, this is the same as locking your door and leaving the key under the doormat (门垫).

To create a safe password that is easy to remember, follow these simple steps:

● You should never use personal information as part of your password. It is very easy for someone to guess things like your last name, pet’s name, child’s birth date and other similar details.

● There are tools available to help attackers guess your password. With today’s computing power, it doesn’t take long to try every word in the dictionary and find your password, so it is best if you do not use real words for your password.

● You can make a password much safer by mixing different types of characters. Use some uppercase letters (大写字母) along with lowercase letters (小写字母), numbers and even special characters such as “&” or “%”.

● Rather than trying to remember a password that is created using various character types and is not a word from the dictionary, you can use a “passphrase”. Think of a sentence or a line from a song or poem that you like and create a password using the first letter from each word.

For example, rather than just having a password like “yr $ 1 Hes”, you could take a sentence such as “I like to read the About. Com Internet network security website” and convert it to a password like “il2rtA! nsws” by using the number “2” for the word “to” and using an exclamation point (感叹号) in place of the “I” for “Internet”. You can use a variety of character types and create a safe password that is hard to figure out, but much easier for you to remember.

● You should use a different username and password for each login you’re trying to protect. That way, if someone figures out one of your passwords, the others are still safe. Another approach, which is less safe, but provides a fair balance between security and convenience, is to use one username and password for sites and applications that don’t need the extra security, but use unique usernames and more safe passwords on sites that require more security, such as your bank’s website.

【1】How is a password made up of one’s dog’s name or birthdate?

A. It is safe and easy to remember.

B. It can get hacked easily by attackers.

C. It suits those who have a poor memory.

D. It is the most commonly used type of password.

【2】According to the article, what is a passphrase made up of?

A. Different character types.

B. A long dictionary word.

C. The title of a song or a poem.

D. The first letter from each word of a sentence.

【3】Which of these passwords might be the safest according to the article?

A. jessica208.B. yr $ 1 Hes.

C. HERO&37.D. il2rtA!nsws.

【4】What’s the article mainly about?

A. How to make your passwords safer.

B. How hackers get access to computers.

C. How to protect your private information online.

D. Typical problems with passwords.

Venice is known for its beautiful landmarks, such as St Mark’s Square. But people there say that the large ships that sail near the city center are ruining (破坏) their appearance, according to The Telegraph.

Residents have complained that the “ugly” ships are much bigger than the local buildings. They make the area look strange, as well as damage the canals (运河). In response, the Italian government stopped cruise ships from sailing past St Mark’s Square last year.

In Amsterdam, the Netherlands’ capital, noisy tourists are unwelcome. The city has worked out plans to limit the number of tourists who can come to the city, the Daily Mail reported. Many residents believe that increased tourism has brought more rubbish to the city’s streets. It has also caused an increase in noise pollution.

Airbnb and other “home rentals” that are popular with tourists will face restrictions (限制), too. Fewer tourists will be able to stay in the city. “Beer bikes”, or multi-person bikes that have tables for drinking beer, will also be restricted. It is expected that getting rid of these bikes will make the city quieter and more peaceful for local people.

【1】Which of the following may not be the reason for the tourists to visit European cities?

A. Learning about their history.B. Experiencing their culture.

C. Ruining their appearance.D. Just for fun.

【2】What makes Venice look strange according to local people?

A. Local buildings.B. Landmarks.C. The canals.D. Ships.

【3】What is the major reason for Amsterdam to reduce its number of visitors?

A. Limited resources.B. Increased noise pollution.

C. Damage to buildings.D. Crowded buses.

【4】What is the main idea of the passage?

A. How Venice and Amsterdam protect local people.

B. Some European cities are reducing their number of visitors.

C. How visitors have ruined local people’ lives.

D. Why visitors are unwelcome in other countries.