题目内容
20."You expect your friends to see you in a positive manner,but they also are observers of the personalities that could cause you an early death,"said Joshua Jackson,an assistant professor of psychology in Arts & Sciences.Published in the journal Psychological Science,the study shows that your personality at an early age can predict how long you will live across 75years and that close friends are usually better than you at recognizing these traits."Our study shows that people are able to observe and evaluate(评价)a friend's personality exactly enough to predict early death years down the road,"Jackson said."It suggests that people are able to see important characteristics related to health even when their friends were,for the most part,healthy and many years from death."
While other studies have shown that a person's view of his or her own personality can be helpful in evaluating death risks,there has been little research on whether a close friend's personality evaluation might also predict the chances of a long life.
To explore this question,Jackson and colleagues analyzed data(数据)from a longitudinal study that in the 1930s began following a group of young people in their mid-20s.The study included wide-ranging data on participant(参与者)personalities,both self-reported and as reported by close friends.
Using information from follow-up studies and searches of death certificates(证书),Jackson and colleagues were able to record dates of death for all but a few study participants.Peer(同龄人)evaluations of personality were stronger predictors of death risks than were self-evaluations of personality.
"There are two possible reasons for the advantage of peer evaluations over self-evaluations,"Jackson said."First,friends may see something that you miss; they may have some insight that you do not.Second,because people have several friends,we are able to average the characteristics of any one friend to get a more trustworthy evaluation of personality.With self-reports,people may miss certain sides of themselves and we are not able to counteract(抵抗)that because there is only one you,only one self-report."
The study also shows some gender differences in self-evaluation:Men's self-evaluations of personality were somewhat useful in predicting their lifespans(寿命),whereas the self-reports of women had little predictive value.
"This is one of the longest studies in psychology,"Jackson said."It shows how important personality is in influencing important life outcomes like health,and that information from friends can play a critical role in understanding a person's health issues.
52.What can we learn from Paragraph 2?B
A.People's health is related to their friends.
B.Friends can predict lifespans better than us.
C.An early personality evaluation helps us live longer.
D.The study shows most people can live across 75years.
53.The underlined word"insight"in Paragraph 6probably means"D".
A.advice
B.influence
C.imagination
D.understanding
54.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?C
A.People with more close friends have better personalities.
B.Self-evaluations have advantages over peer evaluations.
C.Men predict their lifespans more exactly than women.
D.The findings are based on participants'disease data.
55.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A
A.Friends'personality evaluations can help recognize health risks.
B.Best friends play an important role in treating certain diseases.
C.Psychology studies may influence personality development.
D.Personality has little important effect on people's health.
分析 本文介绍了关于寿命预知的问题.朋友在预知寿命方面比本人要准确,男人在预测寿命方面比女人准确.
解答 52.B 理解推断题.根据the study shows that your personality at an early age can predict how long you will live across 75years and that close friends are usually better than you at recognizing these traits可知朋友在预知寿命方面比本人要准确,故选B.
53.D 词义猜测题.根据上半句句意:首先,朋友们可能会看到的东西,你错过了;可以推断出后半句句意:他们可能有一些了解,你不会,故选D.
54.C 理解推断题.根据Men's self-evaluations of personality were somewhat useful in predicting their lifespans(寿命),whereas the self-reports of women had little predictive value.可知男人在预测寿命方面比女人准确,故选C.
55.A理解推断题.根据最后一段and that information from friends can play a critical role in understanding a person's health issues可知朋友的个性评估有助于识别健康风险,故选A.
点评 做题时要在理解好文意的基础上,与题目有机的结合,从文章中找到相关细节性的句子与选项细细比对,进行选择或推理判断,选出符合文章内容的正确选项.做题注意灵活,有时可采用排除法或直选法确定出最终答案.
| When we first got our cat,my mom and I heard a strange noise.So we went to check it out,and it was our new cat,throwing litter around.It seemed that she was having a party,so we named her Fiesta,which is Spanish for party. Michael Age11,Montana |
| I have a cat named Cabbit.My family named her that because when she was little,she used to jump around like a rabbit (cat+rabbit=cabbit).We think Cabbit is very proud of her name! Fallon Age11,Pennsylvania |
| My family got our dog's name by picking it out of a hat.We each put our favorite name in a hat:Fluffy,Jimmy,Ted,and Eddie.Eddie was the winner.That was my dad's choice(选择). Annie Age12,Wisconsin |
| In my family,we always pick pet names that are a food and start with the letter"p".I don't know how it started!We've named pets peach,plum,pumpkin,peanut,pepper,and penne! Jodie Age10,Ohio |
| My family picked my dog's name,Teika,by taking the initial(字母) of each of our names.I think it's a great idea because everyone can feel that the pet was named after them. Emily Age 13,New Jersey |
A.is 10years old
B.has a pet dog
C.is from Montana
D.had a party for his pet
37.Cabbit got her name because itB.
A.is a rabbit
B.acted like a rabbit
C.slept like a rabbit
D.ate like a rabbit
38.The underlined word"penne"is probably a kind ofD.
A.hat
B.animal
C.party
D.food
39.Which of the following is TRUE according to the material?B
A.Teika is Emily's family name.
B.Fiesta is a Spanish word.
C.Fallon and Jodie are of the same age.
D.Annie thinks Eddie is a great name for dogs.
40.What is the material mainly about?A
A.How some families name their pets.
B.Why people keep pets.
C.How to choose your own pets.
D.How to take care of pets.