Question

【题目】 Have you ever gone to a fast-food restaurant to eat and gotten a kid's meal that came with a toy? Sometimes those meals have different toys for boys and girls —maybe a truck for the boys and a toy bear for the girls. Who decides that boys like to play with trucks and girls like to play with stuffed animals? I know many boys who like stuffed animals and lots of girls who play with trucks. When we decide what someone will like or how they will act just because they are boys or girls, we are stereotyping（形成模式化观念）.

A stereotype is a group that we put people into. Our human brains do this all the time; it's one of the ways that our brain has learned to deal with the world. We see someone and put that person into a group—for example, the old or the young, a boy or a girl. Is that a bad thing? No, it's not.

One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to deal with situations rapidly because we may have had a similar experience before. The use of stereotypes is a major way in which we simplify our social world; since they cut down the amount of processing（i.e. thinking）we have to do when we meet a new person.

Although grouping itself isn't bad, it can be harmful sometimes. It makes us ignore differences between each single person, that is, we usually think all the people in one group are the same but that might not be true.

When we stereotype, we think of a group and give everyone in that group certain characteristics. For example, the fast food restaurant believed that all boys like to play with vehicles and all girls prefer toy animals. They did that based only on whether they were boys or girls.

Stereotypes are problems when beliefs that people have about groups are not necessarily true. Have you ever heard anyone say that "Men are better drivers than women"? Statements like this take a group of people and give all of them the same behaviors or characteristics. I know men who are good drivers, and I know women who are good drivers. It's not fair to judge all people in a group by a stereotype. We need to remember that everyone in the group is an individual who has different abilities, interests, strengths and behaviors.

【1】The example of different toys for boys and girls is mentioned to show that_________.

A.boys and girls prefer different toys

B.boys and girls are treated unfairly

C.people sometimes mix children's likes

D.people have fixed ideas on things

【2】Which of the following stereotypes is useful?

A.Making friends by his appearance.

B.Boys do better in science than girls.

C.Youth easily do unreasonable things.

D.Red signs on the road warn us of danger.

【3】The underlined word “ignore” in Paragraph 4 probably means _________.

A.fail to noticeB.fail to trustC.fail to searchD.fail to face

【4】What does the writer want to tell us about stereotyping?

A.Stereotyping is like a coin which has two sides.

B.It helps our brain learn to deal with similar situations.

C.Judging people by stereotyping them makes things hard.

D.Trying to learn about and form some kinds of them stereotypes.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】D

【3】A

【4】A

【解析】

模式化观念就是我们把人们放在某一个群体里，产生固有印象。模式化观念既有优点，也有缺点。优点是它能使我们迅速处理各种情况，简化社会世界；缺点是它会让我们忽视每个个体之间的差异。

【1】

推理判断题。根据短文第一段的内容可知，作者先从生活中的事例出发，目的是给读者引出模式化观念这一概念，然后对它进行具体的介绍。D选项符合文意，故选D。

【2】

推理判断题。根据短文第三段“One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to deal with situations rapidly because we may have had a similar experience before.”可知，模式化观念的一个优点是使我们根据以前的相似经历，快速处理各种情况。结合生活常识可知，红色会起到警告的作用，D选项符合文意，故选D。A、B和C三项都是模式化观念产生的不好的影响。

【3】

词义猜测题。根据语境“It makes us ignore differences between each single person, that is, we usually think all the people in one group are the same but that might not be true.”“它使我们……每个个体之间的差异，认为一个群体里所有人都是一样的”，由此可猜测ignore意为“忽视”，即“没能注意到……”，故选A。

【4】

主旨大意题。根据短文第三段“One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to deal with situations rapidly because we may have had a similar experience before.”可知，这里介绍了模式化观念的优点；再根据第四段“Although grouping itself isn't bad, it can be harmful sometimes.”可知，模式化观念也有缺点。A选项“每个硬币都有两面”符合文意，故选A。B和C两个选项太片面；D选项不符合文意。