1.不定代词可作主语,当作主语时,要明确这一不定代词究竟是单数还是复数,以确定它和谓语动词在人和数的一致。
(三)it作形式主语和形式宾语
it作形式主语和形式宾语是为了使句子平衡,而把真正的主语或宾语置于句子后面。例如: I found it interesting to study English.
It is of great help to master a foreign language.
3. 代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西(包括婴儿)。例如:
The baby cried because it was hungry.
Someone is knocking at the door, who can it be?
(二)用作强调句,构成强调结构
句型结构:It is(was)+强调部分+that。例如:
It was last night that they left for H.K.
It was I that(who) his sister in the park yesterday.
It rains continually in the south in June. It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.
2. 指代上文中提到的无生命的东西。例如:
Where is my notebook? It was here just now.
There is air all around us, but we cannot see it.
不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。常见的不定代词有all, both, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no, none以及含有some-, any-, no-等的合成代词(如:anybody, something, no one)。这些不定代词大多可以代替名词,在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。但none和由some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词(如somebody等)只能作主语、宾语和表语。而every和no只能作定语。
3.Whose 用于明确所有者。whom 在口语中,多为 who 代替。
2.Which 指的物有范围限制,侧重于哪一个;What 指的物无范围限制,侧重于种类。
1.Who 用于询问别人姓名,身份或关系。What 用于询问别人职业。
(二)指示代词的用法
(1)this、 that、 these、 those 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
(2)such 一般在句子中作定语或主语。such “这样的”,such a 这样一个,such as 像…这样的。
(3)same 可作定语、表语、主语和宾语。
例如:
1) That is our English teacher. (主语)
2) This storybook is thicker than that one. (定语)
3) I prefer this (these) to that (those). (宾语)
4) What he likes best is this/that. (表语)
5) I have never read such an exciting book. (定语)
6) I like such sports as basketball and swimming. (定语)
7) Such is our trip plan. (主语) (指上文提到过或刚说过的内容)。
8) She wants the book and I want the same. (宾语)
9) We were born on the same day. (定语)
·注意:
1) this、 these 指空间上离说话人较近的人或物,可以与 here 连用;that、 those 指空间上离说话人较远的人或物,可以与 there 连用。
2) 打电话或其他场合,本人这一方用 this 或 these. 反之用 that 或 those。
3) such 作定语时,如名词前有不定冠词,应把such置于不定冠词之前 。
4) 在 same 之前必须加冠词 the 。
(一)指示代词是具有指示概念的代词
this 这; that 那; these 这些; those 那些; such 如此的; same 同样的