(C)
Ears are for hearing - everyone knows that. But for a creature called the Cuvier’s beaked whale, hearing starts in the throat, a new study found.
The observation might help explain how all whales hear. The work might also help scientists understand how animals are affected by underwater sonar (一种探测系统). This sonar, used by some ships, sends out sound waves to locate underwater objects.
The Cuvier’s beaked whale is a so-called toothed whale. Toothed whales dive deep into the ocean in search of food. As the whales hunt, they produce sounds that reach objects and then return to the whales. This allows the animals to “see” the shape, size, and location of objects, even when they’re 1,000 meters under the sea, where it is totally dark.
To better understand how the whale hears, researchers from San Diego State University in California took X-rays of two Cuvier’s beaked whales. The whales had died and washed up on the beach.
Ted Cranford and his colleagues used the images to make a computer model of a Cuvier’s beaked whale’s head. Then, they modeled the process of sound traveling through the head.
The researchers knew that some sounds get to the ears of a toothed whale through a structure called “the window for sound”. Found on the lower jaw, this structure is very thin on the outside and has a large pad (垫) of fat on the inside.
When the researchers used their computer model to work out how sound waves travel in the whale’s head, they were surprised to find that sounds coming from right in front of the whale actually travel under the animal’s jaw. From there, sound waves move through the throat, into a hole in the back of the jaw, and finally to the pad of fat near the animal’s ears.
Cranford guesses that other types of whales may hear through their throats. Further testing is needed to be sure. Eventually, the insight into how whales hear might explain whether sonar testing by military ships is causing the animals to wind up on beaches.
72. Toothed whales look for food under the sea by ______.
A. watching the shape and size of their objects B. diving deep into the sea
C. sending and receiving sounds D. making lots of noises
73. Researchers took X-rays of two Cuvier’s beaked whales in order to ______.
A. find out why they had died and washed up on the beach
B. make a computer model of a Cuvier’s beaked whale’s head
C. make sure that sound travels through the head
D. know more about the way the whale hears
74. Which of the following describes the way taken by sound waves through a Cuvier’s beaked whale?
A. A hole in the back of the jaw → the ears → the jaw → the throat.
B. The jaw → the throat → a hole in the back of the jaw → the ears.
C. The throat → the jaw → the ears → a hole in the back of the jaw.
D. The ears → the throat → a hole in the back of the jaw → the jaw.
75. What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage?
A. Ears are useless to the Cuvier’s beaked whale.
B. Military ships send out sounds like a Cuvier’s beaked whale.
C. The whale’s unusual acts have nothing to do with human activities.
D. Further research might show human activities can influence whale’s activities.
Section C
Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.
|
A. Connect with others B. Express yourself C. Connect with nature D. Become a relaxation expert E. Think positive F. Get enough sleep, nutrition and exercise |
Everyone has feelings of anxiety, nervousness, tension, and stress from time to time. Here are five ways to help manage them.
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76 |
We all think we know how to relax. But calming down in front of the TV or computer isn’t true relaxation. Depending on what you’re watching or doing, it could even make you more tense. The same is true for alcohol, drugs, or tobacco. They may seem to relieve anxiety or stress, but it’s a false state of relaxation that’s only temporary. What the body really needs is a relaxation technique --- like deep breathing, tai chi, or yoga --- that has a physical effect on the mind. For example, deep breathing helps to relax a major nerve that runs from the diaphragm to the brain, sending a message to the entire body to let go and loosen up.
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77 |
Want your mind and body to feel peaceful and strong enough to handle life’s ups and downs? Get the right amount of sleep for your needs --- not too much or too little. Eat well --- choose fruit, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains for long-term energy, instead of the short bursts that come from too much sugar or caffeine. And exercise to send oxygen to every cell in the body so your brain and body can operate at their best.
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78 |
Spend time with friends or family. Organized activities are great, but just hanging out works too. Doing things with those we feel close to deepens our bonds, allowing us to feel supported and secure. And the fun and sharing that go with it allow us to feel happier and less upset about things. If you feel worried or nervous about something, talking about it with someone who listens and cares can help you feel more understood and better able to deal with it. You’ll be reminded that everyone has these feelings sometimes. You’re not alone.
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79 |
Heading out for a walk in the park or a hike in the woods can help anyone feel peaceful. Choose somewhere you feel safe so you can relax and enjoy your surroundings. Walking, hiking, biking, or snowshoeing can offer the additional benefit or exercise. Invite a friend or two --- or a family member --- along and enjoy feeling connected to people as well.
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80 |
A great way to keep our minds off the worry track is to focus our thoughts on things that are good, beautiful, and positive. Allow yourself to dream, wish, and imagine the best that could happen.
Section D
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
When asked to point out one or two things that are most important to themselves, many put friends ahead of homes, jobs, cloth and cars.
A true friendship carries a long history of experience that determines who we are and keeps us connected. It is a treasure we should protect. Unfortunately, the better friends you are, the more probably you’ll have disagreements. And the result can be what you don’t want - an end to the relationship.
The good news is that most troubled friendships can be mended. First, don’t let your pride get in your way. Most of us can forgive each other when differences are brought out in the open. Second, apologize when you’re wrong – even if you’ve been wronged. Over the course of a friendship, even the best people make mistakes. Sometimes, it may be best if the wronged person takes the lead and apologizes. When you apologize, give your friend a chance to admit that he has been wrong. Third, see things from your friend’s point of view. And finally, accept that friendships change as our needs and lifestyle change. Making friends can sometimes seem easy. The hard part is keeping the connections strong during the natural ups and downs that have an effect on all relationships. My suggestion: Consider friendship an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture.
81. What is likely to happen if you have disagreements with your friends?
82. The author wrote the article mainly to tell us .
83. The underlined word nurture probably means __________.
84. What causes the change of friendships?
第II卷 (共45分)
(B)
Cost of American Wars
|
war name |
cost of the war |
cost as a percent of annual GDP |
|
Revolutionary War |
US $ 2.2 billion(in 2002 dollars) |
63% |
|
War of 1812 |
US$ 1.1 billion |
13% |
|
Mexican War |
US$1.6 billion |
3% |
|
Civil War |
US $ 62 billion |
104% |
|
Spanish American War |
US$ 9.6 billion |
3% |
|
World War I |
US$ 190. 6 billion |
24% |
|
World War II |
US$ 2.9 trillion |
103% |
|
Korean War |
US$ 335.9 billion |
15% |
|
Vietnam War |
US$ 494.3 billion |
12% |
|
First Gulf War |
US$76.1 billion |
1% |
billion 十亿 trillion 万亿
69. Which wars cost more than a year’s worth of the GDP?
A. First Gulf War and World War I. B. The Civil War and World War II.
C. World War II and Revolutionary War. D. Mexican War and Civil War.
70. The American annual gross domestic product in 1951 was _________.
A. 2.239 trillion B.2.9 trillion C. 3.25 trillion D. 76.1 billion
71. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A. Mexican War cost more than War of 1812.
B. First Gulf War cost the least in term of the percentage of the annual of GDP.
C. World War II cost more than Korean War.
D. Mexican War cost as much money as Spanish American War.
40. Oh, My goodness! You are still working on the assignment. It __________two days ago.
A. must have been handed in B. can’t have been handed in
C. should have been handed in D. shouldn’t be handed in
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
|
A. difficulties |
B. maintaining |
C. considered |
D. needs |
E. understanding |
|
F. activity |
G.
speaking |
H. method |
I.
problems |
J. remained |
A study of English learning problems was carried out among a total of 106 foreign students. It shows that most students considered 41 spoken English to be their biggest problem on arrival. This was followed by 42 . Writing increased as a problem as students discovered 43 in writing papers that they were now expected to hand in. Reading 44 as a significant problem.
Information gained helped us in determining where special attention should be paid in our course. Although many students have chosen to join the course with a reasonable motivation, we 45 it important to note what seemed to encourage interest. Nearly all the students have experienced some kind of grammar-based English teaching in their own country. To use the same 46 would be self-defeating because it might reduce motivation, especially if it has failed in the past. Therefore a different method may help because it is different. Variety of 47 was also seen as a way of 48 or increasing motivation. Several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout, but we soon found that both the students and the teachers lost interest about halfway through the ten weeks. This led us to a major re-think, so in the end we brought it into line with the expressed language 49 of the students.