48.
What can be the best title for this text?
A. How
Hard Life is for Box Boys
B. Getting along with Customers
C. Why
I Gave up My Job
D. The Art of Taking Tips
C
Long
after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still complaining
about the disputed refereeing(裁判)decisions that denied
victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of
some top referees.
The
researcher organized an experimental tournament(锦标赛)involving four youth teams.
Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during
which different referees(裁判)were in charge.
Observers
noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament.
Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23
mistakes, a remarkably high number.
The
researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail.
Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were
close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average,
17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was
12 meters. The research shows the best distance is about 20 meters.
There
also seemed to be a most favourable speed. Correct decisions came when the
referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed
for errors was 4 meters per second.
If
FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of
refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their
eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the
ball, the researcher argues.
He
also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be
misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical
condition is less important.