5.Laura finally
discovered she could read when she _________.
A.understood the main
idea
B.understood all the words in her book
C.recognized the printed
characters D.jumped the first pages
of her book
B
In 1826, a
Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good
artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house
and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photograph.
The next
important date in the history of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre,
another French, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and
a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly,
even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.
Soon, other
people began to use Daguerre’s process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypes
from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and
mountains.
In about 1840,
the process was improved. Then photographers could take pictures of people and
moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to carry lots
of films and processing equipment. But this did not stop the photographers,
especially in the United States. After 1840s daguerreotype artists were popular
in most cities.
Mathew Brady was
a well-known American photographer. He took many pictures of famous people. The
pictures were unusual because they were very life-like and full of personality.
Brady was also
the first person to take pictures of a was. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed
dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more
terrible.
In the 1880s,
new inventions began to change photography. Photographers could buy films
ready-made in rolls. So they did not have to make the film themselves. Also,
they did not have to process the film immediately. They could bring it back to
their studios and develop it later, meaning that they did not have to carry
lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made
photography less expensive.
With the small
camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for
fun. They took pictures of their families, friends and favorite places. They
called these pictures “snapshot”.
Photographs
became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also
used documentary photographs. These pictures showed true events and people.
They were much more real than drawing.
Photography also
turned into a form of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photographs
were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings. Like
other art forms.