16．Which of the following styles of architecture is true of Wright’s “grass-land houses”?

　　　 A．The houses appear to stand on the horizon .

　　　 B．The houses are built mainly on the grass-land

　　　 C．The houses have many lines that form a right angle (角)with the horizon

　　　 D．The houses are special in style with lines similar to those on the grass-land

E

　 There is probably no field of human activity in which our values and lifestyles are shown more clearly and strongly than they are in the clothes that we choose to wear .The dress of an individual is a kind of “sign language”that communicates a set of information and is usually the basis on which immediate impressions are formed .Traditionally ,a concern for clothes was considered to be an affair of females ,while men took pride in the fact that they were completely lacking in clothes consciousness(意识).

　 This type of American culture is by degrees changing as man dress takes on greater variety and color .Even as early as 1955,a researcher in Michigan said that men attached rather high importance to the value of clothing in daily life .White-collar workers in particular viewed dress as a symbol(象征)of ability ,which could be used to impress or influence others ,especially in the work situation .The white-collar worker was described as extremely concerned about the impression his clothing made on his superiors (上司).Although blue-collar workers were less aware(察觉到的)that they might be judged on the basis of their clothing ,they recognized that any difference from the accepted pattern of dress would be made fun of by fellow workers .

　 Since that time ,of course ,the patterns have changed :the typical office worker may now be wearing the blue shirt ,and the laborer a white shirt ;but the importance of dress has not become less .Other researchers in recent years have helped to prove its importance in the lives of individuals at various age levels and in different social and economic status groups (阶层).

15．What is the most important idea in Wright’s style？

　　　 A．Architecture should present a variety of designs

　　　 B．A building must have a large grass-land around it

　　　 C．Architectural design should match natural surroundings

　　　 D．The function of a house is the most important in design

14．What do you know about American architecture before Wright’s time ？

　　　 A．It hadn’t formed its own style yet

　　　 B．It was a model of modern style

　　　 C．Most of the houses were designed by Europeans

　　　 D．Most of the houses were practical but not good-looking

13．Which of the following would be the best title for this passage ?

　　　 A．The Influence of European Architecture on American Architecture

　　　 B．The Buildings Designed by the Greatest Architect Frank Lloyd Wright

　　　 C．The Influence of Architect Frank Lloyd Wright on American Architecture

　　　 D．Frank Lloyd Wright’s Contribution to the Improvement of Environment

12．The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to 　　　.

　　　 A．explain and persuade　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．comment and criticize

　　　 C．interest and enjoy　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．argue and imagine

D

　 Frank Lloyd Wright probably is the greatest architect (建筑师)that the United States has ever produced .He had a natural ability to design buildings .His buildings were not only beautiful ,but they were also functional .They fit their purposes very well.Wright’s churches ,for example ,make people feel like thinking and praying .His office buildings make people enjoy working ,and his houses make people feel comfortable ,at home .However ,Frank Lloyd Wright’s beautiful ,functional buildings are not the only reason that he is famous .There is another reason .

　 Frank Lloyd Wright is called the greatest American architect because he started an American style in architecture .Most of the architecture in the United States before Wright was really European ,not American .Wright’s buildings do not look like old European buildings .They have their own style .Wright’s ideas about style are still used in the United States and in other parts of the world .

　 The most important idea in Frank Lloyd Wright’s Style of Architecture is that a building must fit its purpose and the land around it .His houses are often called “grass-land houses”because their lines are similar to the lines on the grass-land .Both the lines of the grass-land and the lines of Wright’s house are parallel(平行)to the horizon(地平线)，the place where earth and sky seem to meet .They are horizontal lines .Most European style houses ,in contrast(对比),have many vertical(垂直的)lines that from 90°angles with the horizon .

11．According to the author ,if your letter is thrown into some “letters-to-be-read”file ,　　 .

　　　 A．it will receive immediate attention 　　　 B．it will be dealt with by the secretary

　　　 C．it is likely to be passed over　　　　　　　　　 D．it is meant to be delivered soon

10．According to the passage ,some managers don’t have to do any letter writing because 　　　.

　　　 A．they depend on quick notes　　　　　　　　　 B．they have excellent secretaries

　　　 C．they have a computer to do it　　　　　　　　 D．they prefer making phone calls

9．The underlined word “scribe”means“　　 ”.

　　　 A．a secretary who does your business or social writing

　　　 B．a machine that does writing for you

　　　 C．a school where writing is taught

　　　 D．a person who earns a living by writing for others

8．In this passage ,good writing is compared to fine food because 　　　.

　　　 A．both writers and cooks have to work long hours every day

　　　 B．both are necessary to life

　　　 C．both writers and cooks can earn a good living

　　　 D．both are enjoyable

7．Dying horses were probably thrown overboard in order to 　　　.

　　　 A．save water　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．lighten the ship

　　　 C．spare them the serious pains of thirst　　　 D．spare the men the trouble of caring for them

C

　 Like fine food ,good writing is something we approach (接近)with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last .And good writers ,like good cooks ,do not suddenly appear full –blown .Quite the contrary ,just as the cook has to undergo (经历)an intensive training ,mastering the skills of his trade ,the writer must sit at desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing ,whatever its purpose is -schoolwork ,matters of business ,or purely social communication .You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort ,the more effective the writing ,and the more rewarding .

　 There are still some remote places in the world where you might find a public 　scribe 　to do your business or social writing for you ,for a fee .There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from .But for most of us ,if there is any writing to be done ,we have to do it ourselves .

　 We have to write school papers ,business papers or home papers .We are constantly called on to put words to paper .It would be difficult to count the number of such words ,messages ,letters and reports put into the mails or delivered by hand ,but the daily figure must be very great .What is more ,everyone who writes expects ,or at least hopes .We want whatever we write to be read ,from first word to last ,not just thrown into “letters-to –be-read”file (文件)or into a wastepaper basket .This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practising the skills of interesting ,effective writing .