例3 A new factory is ____ very soon. 　A to be built B built 　C to build D to building 　解析：该题选A。is to be built意为"将要被建"。

(八)动名词

2、 不定式的句法功能 　(1) 作主语 　To hear from you is nice. 　To be a good teacher is not easy. 　不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如： 　It's nice to hear from you. 　It's not easy to be a good teacher. 　(2) 作宾语 　通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等词后。如： 　I forgot to lock the door. 　Please remember to write to me. 　(3) 作表语 　My job is to pick up letters. 　He seemed to have heard nothing. 　(4) 作定语 　不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如： 　I have two letters to write. 　I have a lot of work to do. 　(5) 作宾补 　通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等词后。如： 　He ordered her to leave at once. 　He was forced to obey his order. 　(6) 作状语 　He got up early to catch the first bus. 　He worked hard to catch up with the other students. 　(7) 作独立成分 　To tell you the truth, I told a lie. 　(8) "疑问词+不定式"结构。 如： 　I don't know how to choose them. 　I cannot decide where to go. 　(9)不定式的否定式。如： 　I decided not to go. 　(10)不定式的完成式。如： 　He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in. 　The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.

　(11)too…to 结构。如： 　He was too excited to go to sleep. 　He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了，乐意去) 　(12)主动表被动。如： 　The book is easy to read. 　I have a book to read.

(七)动词不定式

　(1) 动词+介词 　常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如： 　Don't laugh at others. 　I didn't care about it. 　(2) 动词+副词 　常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如： 　You'll hand in your homework tomorrow. 　Please don't forget to hand it in. 　(3) 动词+副词+介词 　常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如： 　All his money added up to no more than $100. 　After a short rest, he went on with his research work. 　(4) 动词+名词+介词 　常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如： 　You should pay attention to your handwriting. 　We should make full use of our time. 　(5) 动词+形容词 　常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如： 　The prisoners were set free. 　He cut it open. 　(6) 动词+名词 　常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如： 　This story took place three years ago. 　I make friends with a lot of people. 　(7)辨析 　give away(让给，暴露) 和 give up(放弃，停止) 　put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (扑灭) 　turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打开) 　keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不让靠近) 　make up(编造，补上) 和 make out(辨认) 　take off(脱，起飞) 和 take out(拿出)

(六)短语动词

　注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去, 但要倒装。如： 　Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party. 　2、 虚拟语气在各种从句的主应用 　(1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省) +动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。 　句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that… 　句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that… 　句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that… 　如： It is strange that he (should) have done that. 　　It is a pity that he (should) be so careless. 　　It is requested that we (should) be so careless. 　(2) 在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如： I suggest that we (should) go swimming. 　(3) 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如： His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once. 　(4) 在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如： We received order that the work be done at once. 　(5) 在It is time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或 　"should +动词原形",should不可省。如： 　It's time (that) we went (or should go) to school.

　例1 I learned that her father ____ in 1950. 　A had died B died C dead D is dead 　解析：该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。

　例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents. 　A is looked B has looked for 　C is being looked for D has been looked

　解析：该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。

(五)动词虚拟语气

(十三)主谓一致

3、状语从句 　在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、条件状语、行为方式状语、比较状语、让步状语等多种。