1、shall的用法

1)用于第一人称征求对方的意见,如:

What shall I wear on the journey? 我路上穿什么好呢?

Shall we dance? 我们跳舞好吗?

2)shall 用于第二、三人称时表允诺(现已少见),如:

She shall get her share. 她可以得到她的一份。

You shall have it back tomorrow.你明天可以将它拿回。

情态动词should一般不应被认为是情态动词shall的过去式,主要用法有:

1)用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿,但语气较委婉温和,如:

What should we do now? 我们现在该怎么办?

2)表示应该、必须,常与must 换用。例如:

We should (must) master a foreign language at least.  我们应当至少掌握一门外语。

3)“should+be+表语”的结构,表示推测或惊奇。例如:

They should be back by now. 他们现在应该回来了吧。

I am sorry that she should be so careless. 我感到遗憾她竟会那样粗心。

4)“should+have+过去分词”的结构,表示过去该做而实际上尚未做的动作或行为;其否定则表示发生了不应该发生的行为。其同义结构“ought to have +过去分词”,表示过去“早应该”、“本当”之意,语气较强。例如:

I should have thought of that. 这一点我是应当想到的。(但没想到)

They should not have left so soon.他们不应当走得这么早。(但已走了)

5) 在“It is natural (strange, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ) that……”句型中,主语从句中的谓语动词要用should +动词原形”表示“理所当然”、“奇怪”、“必要”、“惊异”等的意思。在lest(以免)、for fear (that) (以防)、in case(以备万一)等之后也要用“should+动词原形”例如:

It is necessary that he(should) be sent there at once.   有必要马上派他到那里去。

It is strange that he should say so. 他会说这样的话真是奇怪。

Let us go at once lest we should be late for the train. 我们马上走吧,以免赶不上火车。

情态动词will和would的用法

1)表示意志,决心或愿望。例如:

Surely we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace.

 我们一定要支持全世界人民争取和平的斗争。

He would not let me try it .  他不肯让我去试。

2)will表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性,would表示过去的习惯行为。

 He will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.

他会经常一连几个小时坐在那儿观看来往的车辆。

 He would come to see me when he was in Beijing.

他在北京时,常来看望我。

3)用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中,表示对对方的请求,would的语气比will委碗。如: Would/Will you kindly tell me the way to the station? 请问到火车站怎么走?

情态动词need和dare的用法

这两个词只能算“半情态动词”,它们作情态动词用时,一般用在否定句和疑问句中,如果用在肯定句中,多数是实义动词,一般现在时单数第三人称就要加s,并有时态变化,后接不定式时须带to, 试比较:

Need I explain once more? 需要我再解释一次吗?(情态动词)

The question needs to be discussed. 这个问题需要加以讨论。(实义动词)

She dare not tell the truth to him. 她不敢向他讲真话。(情态动词)

We should dare to think, to speak and to act. 我们应该敢想、敢说、敢干。(实义动词)

need与have to 用法辨析

 1) need表示需要,主要用于否定句和疑问句。用于疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't。have to表示他人或客观情况要求“必须”,也可以翻译为“不得不”,have to否定形式意思是“不一定”或“没有必要”。

 [例如]

 You needn't come if you don't want to.

 I don't think you need be so polite to her.

 You don't have to work so hard if you just want to pass Band 4.

 Because of the heavy rain, the children have had to get up earlier than usual this week.

[例如]

It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you ____it.

 A) mustn't have done    B) would not have done

 C) might not have done  D) didn't have to

 本句译为:你把这些东西洗了,你真是太好了。但是你没有必要洗。must, would, might后面接动词的完成式,都很少用否定式,而didn't have to表示没有必要,符合题意,故答案为D.

 2) need后面接动词的完成式,主要用于否定句,表示本可不必做某事。

 [例如]

 You ____ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing. (CET-4 1991)

 A) needn't have done            B) must not have done

 C) shouldn't have done       D) can not have done

“needn't +不定式完成式”表示“本来不必做,但实际做了”。题意是:你没有必要做全部计算,这类计算我们用计算机来做。故答案为A.

情态动词must用法详解

1) must表示必须,否定回答时用needn't. mustn't表示不许可。

 [例如]

 You must get to the station before 3, otherwise you will miss the train.  Must I hand in my homework tomorrow?

 No, you needn't. You can turn it in the day after tomorrow.

 You mustn't smoke in the hospital.

2) must用于肯定句,可以表示推测,翻译为:一定或想必。后面接动词的一般时,表示对现在的推测,接动词的完成式,表示对过去的推测。对过去的推测是考试的重点。

 [例如]

 She must live near here, for she comes to work on foot.

 She was absent from class. There must have been something wrong with her.

 The light was out. They must have gone to bed.

 Mary's score on the test is the highest in her class. She ____ have studied very hard.

 A) may  B) should  C) must  D) ought to

 “must +不定式完成式”表示对过去发生事情的推测。题意为:玛丽的考试成绩全班第一,她学习一定很刻苦。答案为C.

情态动词难点透视

英语中的情态动词虽然为数不多,但是要掌握好它们的用法并不容易。本文结合同学们在使用情态动词时不易掌握的难点谈几点看法。

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