7.但当有分词短语来解释整个句子，作为独立成分用时，没有逻辑主语，常用的短语有:Generally speaking,supposing,judging from,talking about 等，它也不受原句主语的限制。

　　 Supposing we lose our way, what shall we do next?

　　 Judging from his accent(口音),he must be from the south.

　　 [针对练习]

　　 (1)It's important　　　　 us　　　　 learn a foreign language.

　　　 A.of;to　　　　　 B.for;that　　　　　 C.with;to　　　 D.for;to

　　 (2)The nurse is kind　　　 me. It's kind　　　 her to help me to walk.

　　　 A.of;for　　　　　 B.for;of　　　　　　 C.to;of　　　　 D.to;for

　　 (3)Do you dnow the boy　　　　 under the big tree?

　　　 A.lay　　　　　　 B.lain　　　　　　　 C.laying　　　　 D.lying

　　 (4)They knew her very well. They had seen her　　　　 up from childhood.

　　　 A.grow　　　　　　 B.grew　　　 　　　　C.was growing　 D.to grow

　　 (5)I can't think of　　　 alone any longer.

　　　 A.you living　　　 B.you live　　　　　 C.you to live　 D.you are living

　　 (6)I advised 　　　at once.

　　　 A.him to starting B.him to start　　　 C.to starting　 D.to start

　　 (7)　　　 “Help!Help!”, these soldiers dashed out.

　　　 A.Having heard　　 B.Hearing　　　　　 C.To hear　　　 D.Listening to

　　 (8)　　　　 you the truth,I'm not so keen(热切的)on going.

　　　 A.To tell　　　　 B.Telling　　　　　 C.To be told　　 D.Tohave told

　　 (9)　　　　 to visit us made us feel very happy.

　　　 A.My uncle coming　　　　　　　　　　 B.My uncle's coming

　　　 C.My uncle has come　　　　　　　　　 D.My uncle came

　　 (10)I feel it an honour　　　　 to speak before you all.

　　　 A.Weather permitted　　　　　　　　　 B.Weather permit

　　　 C.Weather permitting　　　　　　　　　 D.Weather being permitted

　　 答案：(1)-(5)D C D A A (6)-(10) B B A B C

动脑动手

单元能力立体检测

6.分词的逻辑主语如不是该句的主语，须用独立主格结构，即“逻辑主语+分词”来表示。此时逻辑主语用名词或代词来表示。

　　 It being hot, we decided to go swimming in the afternoon.

　　 Time permitting, we'll visit your school in the near future.

5.有时不定式短语是对整个句子进行解释，这时它作为独立成分。常见的有:so to speak (可以说)，to tell you the truth (说真话)。如：To tell you the truth, I don't want to have noodles every day.

4.特别需要强调的是of引起的逻辑主语，当前面的表语形容词是说明逻辑主语的特征和特性时，如常用的形容词有：clever,honest,foolish,nice,kind,stupid,wise 等。

　　 It's foolish of you to say so. (You are foolish to say so.)

　　 It's wise of him to go away. (He is wise to go away.)

3.不定式的逻辑主语常用for sb.或of sb.来引起，句式是：It+be+for/of sb.to do sth.。(如：post的逻辑主语是letters，是被动关系)

　　 It's not easy for us to write a composition within 30 minutes.

　　 It's important for the students to work hard at all of their subjects.

2.非谓语动词逻辑主语的正确使用有助于我们区别非谓语动词的正确形式是被动、主动、进行或者完成。当非谓语动词作宾补或定语时，非谓语动词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而是宾语或被修饰的词。

　　 On arriving there, we found him sitting in t he chair, happy. (sitting的逻辑主语是him, 表主动)

　　 Did you find him seated in the chair? (seated的逻辑主语是him,表被动)

　　 Do you have any letters(for me) to post? (to post的逻辑主语是me，for me可省)

　　 Do you have any letters to be posted?

心中有数

单元语法发散思维

　　 对非谓语动词逻辑主语的剖析

　　 非谓语动词是不能做谓语的，但它具有动语的特征，有自己的动作的发出者，这个动作的发出者就是它的逻辑主语。

1.一般来说，当句子的主语充当非谓语动词的逻辑主语时，这很容易搞清。

　　 Do you like to play chess with Uncle Wang after work? (动词不定式to play 的逻辑主语为you)

　　 Little Tom should love to be taken to the theatre this evening. (动词不定式to be taken 的逻辑主语为Tom,表被动)

　　 I haven't succeeded in stopping him from going. (动名词preventing作宾语，逻辑主语为I)

　　 To our puzzle, he came in without being asked. (动名词being asked的逻辑主语为He,表被动)

　　 Hearing the nwes that their team won the match, they all jumped with joy. (分

词短语Hearing the news 的逻辑主语为they,表时间)

　　 Seen, it can never be forgotten. (过去分词seem的逻辑主语为it ，表被动)

9.Nothing for nothing.

答案：1.同室不操戈。2. 物以类聚，人以群分。3.待人宽容如待已 4. 强中更有强中手。(天外有天。) 5. 孩子总归是孩子。6. 钱能生钱。7. 人乡随俗。8. 一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴。9. 不费力气，一无所获。

8.Time is money, but money is not time.

7.Do as the Romans do.