4. 课文原句： To make it the best ever Games, the capital city will make several big changes. 　考点： 两种常见的目的状语表达法。 　解读： 1)用“in order that+从句”或“so that+从句”来表达，其中从句谓语常含有will, may, shall, can, could, might, should等情态动词。 　2) 用“in order to+动词原形”或“so as to + 动词原形”来表达。其中“so as to + 动词原形”不能放在句首，而in order to 可放在句首或句中。有时为了表达的简洁，直接用不定式to do来表达。例如： 　To make himself heard, he stood up and shouted. 　考例： 　1. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there______for a space flight. (2007江西卷) 　A. training B. being trained 　C. to have trained D. to be trained 　2. -Can the project be finished as planned? 　-Sure, ______it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day. (2005福建卷) 　A. having got B. to get 　C. getting D. get 　3. ______this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 174 flour. (2006广东卷) 　A. Having made B. Make 　C. To make D. Making 　点拨： 1. D。很明显,不定式要用被动结构作目的状语；2. B。3. C。均用作目的状语。

1. 课文原句： Many of the sports were the same as they are now. 　考点： 有关as引导限制性定语从句的用法。 　解读： 1) 在such之后的关系代词常用as，as在从句中可用作主语，宾语或表语，不作状语。例如： 　Such women as know Tom thought he was charming.认识汤姆的妇女都认为他有魅力。

2) 比较the same ... as和the same ... that：前者一般表示同类，后者一般表示同一。例如： 　He was wearing the same shirt as I’d had on the day before.他穿的衬衫和我前一天穿的是一样的。

He was wearing the same shirt that I’d had on the day before.他穿的衬衫就是我前一天穿的那一件。

　考例： 　1. These houses are sold at such a low price______people expected. (2000上海卷) 　A. like B. asC. that D. which 　2. They will meet at the same place ______they met last week. (2007黄冈模拟卷) 　A. where B. which C. as D. that 　3. Oh, the bag! Thank you very much, sir. This is the same bag______I lost the other day. 　A. as B. which C. like D. that 　4. His plan was such a good one______we all agreed to accept. (2006陕西卷) 　A. as B. that C. so D. and 　点拨： 1. B。as在定语从句中用作expected的宾语；2. A。此题难度大，同学们易选C。该空应该填关系副词where在从句中用作状语；3． D.很明显，前后同一物应该用that引导；4. A。如果选B，则要在accept后面加it. 　2. 课文原句： Carl Lewis from the USA won four gold medals in track and field and became one of the best sportsmen in the 20th century. 　考点： win / beat / defeat之间的区别。

解读： 英语中的“赢”，“战胜”可用win, beat和defeat来表达，但是它们的用法不同。

　1) win作为及物动词，其宾语是奖品、奖学金、名次、友谊、财产、战争、比赛和胜利等。例如： 　She has a nature that quickly won her friendship of her classmates. 　2) beat和defeat可以换用，它们的宾语是比赛中的对手或战争中的敌人。例如： 　The basketball team of our school beat theirs by 10:8. 　考例： 　1. She______the first place in the maths contest of the senior middle school students. (2007海淀模拟卷) 　A. earnedB. wonC. defeatedD. beat 　2. Jim couldn’t______the game.Instead he was______. (2007全国联考卷) 　A. win; won B. win; beaten 　C. defeat; defeated D. win; lost 　点拨： (略) 1. B2. B 　3.课文原句： ... in the 2000 Sydney Olympics Games, China won another great competition in 2001 which was not for a medal. 　考点： another, more, other与数词的位置关系。 　解读： 1) another与数词连用，只能放在数词的前面。例如： 　There is room for another five people in the back of the bus.公共汽车后面还能坐五人。

　2) other 与数词连用，通常放在数词后，这些数词还包括some、any、several等。例如： 　The World Service broadcasts programmes in English and 35 other languages.世界服务广播台用英语和其它三十五种语言广播节目。 　3) more与数词连用时，常位于数词和some, any, several, a lot, a few等一些词的后面。例如： 　I have to write two more letters this morning.今天上午我得再写两封信。 　考例： 　1. Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we’ve decided to stay for______two weeks. (2003上海卷) 　A. another B. other 　C. more D. the other 　2. The school’s music group will be giving a big show tomorrow night and twoon the weekend. (2007安徽卷) 　A. moreB. other C. else D. another 　点拨： 1. A。如果要选B、C则要将空格设在two之后；2. A。如果选B，则后面的shows不可以省略。

8.考查将来完成时被动语态用法 　考点说明:将来完成时被动语态表示到将来某一时刻为止已经完成的被动性动作，动词形式为will have been done。 　考点例析: 　The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ____ by 2006. (NMET2004北京) 　 A. has been completed B. has completed 　 C. will have been completed D. will have completed 　析:C。by 2006暗示该空表示“将已经被完成”，因此应用将来完成时被动语态动词形式will have been completed。 　二､考查主动形式表示被动意义的场合 　考点说明:主动形式表示被动意义常用于下列场合:look， feel， taste， smell， sound等表示感觉器官的连系动词;prove， turn out作连系动词，表示“结果证明是”;sell/wash/write/last等不及物动词+easily/smoothly/well等副词构成动副搭配，表示事物内部特有的属性;weigh表示“物体所称重量为……”;open表示“店铺开张营业”;blame表示“应负责”;stay fresh表示“保鲜”。 　考点例析: 　 1. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy， saying that he was not the one ____.(NMET2006安徽) 　 A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed 　析:C。to blame应负责，不可用于被动语态。 　 2. The water ____ cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise. (NMET2006全国Ⅰ､Ⅲ) 　 A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels 　析:C。feel表示“接触起来有某种感觉”，没有被动语态。 　 3. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will ____ fresh for several days. (NMET2003) 　 A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 　析:B。stay fresh保鲜，不可用于被动语态。

[高考链接]

6.考查现在完成时被动语态用法 　考点说明:现在完成时被动语态常表示:一个发生在过去的被动性动作对现在造成的影响;到目前为止已存在若干时间的被动性动作或状态。现在完成时被动语态动词形式为has/have been done。

　考点例析: 　(1)I got caught in the rain and my suit ____.(NMET2007北京) 　 A. has ruined B. had ruined 　 C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 　析:C。分析语境逻辑可知，该空表示“到现在为止已经被毁”，因此应用现在完成时被动语态动词形式has been ruined。 　(2)If Newton lived today， he would be surprised by what ____ in science and technology. (NMET2007天津) 　 A. had discovered B. had been discovered 　 C. has discovered D. has been discovered 　析:D。today暗示该空表示“到现在为止已经被发现”，因此应用现在完成时被动语态动词形式has been discovered。 　(3)When you get the paper back， pay special attention to what ____. (NMET2007四川) 　 A. have marked B. have been marked 　 C. had marked D. had been marked 　析:B。该空表示“到现在为止已经被标注”，因此应用现在完成时被动语态动词形式have been marked。　 　7.考查过去完成时被动语态用法 　考点说明:过去完成时被动语态表示到过去某一时刻为止已经发生的被动性动作，由had been done构成。

　考点例析: 　(1)At the end of the meeting， it was announced that an agreement 　 ____.(NMET2007江苏) 　 A. has been reached B. had been reached 　 C. has reached D. had reached 　析:B。该空表示到“‘was’所体现的时间为止已经被达成”，因此应填过去完成时被动语态动词形式had been reached。 　(2)The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box 　 which ____ placed under the Minister’s car. (NMET2005 广东) 　 A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be 　析:C。分析语境逻辑可知，这个小盒子被放在部长车子下面的动作在was suddenly caught所体现的动作之前发生，因此该空应填过去完成时被动语态动词形式had been (placed)。

5.考查过去将来时被动语态用法 　考点说明:过去将来时被动语态常用于下列场合:表示相对于过去某一时刻来说即将发生的被动动作，此时可用would be done， was/were going to be done，也可用was/were to be done;在过去某一时刻表达有固定性条件就会有规律性被动结果，此时常用would be done;表示相对于过去某一时刻来说将会出现某种被动性可能性，此时常用was/were to be done。 　考点例析: 　In a room above the store， where a party ____， some workers were busily setting the table. (NMET2006湖南) 　 A. was to be held B. has been held 　 C. will be held D. is being held 　析:A。由语境逻辑可知，该空表示相对于were busily setting the table所体现的动作来说将要被举行，因此应用过去将来时被动语态动词形式was to be held。

4.考查一般将来时被动语态用法 　考点说明:一般将来时被动语态常用于下列场合:表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作，此时既可用will/shall be done， is/am/are going to be done，也可用is/am/are to be done;表示征求对方意见，此时常用is/am/are to be done;表示有固定性条件就有规律性被动结果，此时常用will/shall be done;表示可能性，此时常用is/am/are to be done。表示到将来某一时刻为止已经完成的被动性动作时常用现在完成时被动语态代替一般将来时被动语态;时间状语从句或条件状语从句应用一般现在时被动语态代替一般将来时被动语态。

　考点例析: 　(1)Customers are asked to make sure that they ____ the right change before leaving the shop. (NMET2006重庆) 　 A. will give B. have been given 　 C. have given D. will be given 　析:D。该空表示“将要被给”，应用一般将来时被动语态。 　(2)--Your job ____ open for your return.(NMET2006北京) 　 --Thanks. 　 A. will be kept B. will keep 　 C. had kept D. had been kept 　析:A。分析语境逻辑不难发现，该空表示“将要被给”，应填一般将来时被动语态动词形式will be kept。

3.考查现在进行时被动语态用法 　考点说明:现在进行时被动语态表示说话时正在进行的被动性动作或目前这段时间正在进行但此时此刻不一定在进行的被动性动作，由is/am/are+being+过去分词构成。 　考点例析: 　(1)--Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? 　 --Yes， I have. I guess it ____ now. (NMET2007辽宁) 　 A. has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D. is grading 　析:C。now暗示该空表示“现在正在被打分”，因此应填现在进行时被动语态动词形式is being graded。

　(2)I have to go to work by taxi because my car ____at the garage. (NMET2006重庆) 　 A. will be repaired B. is repaired 　 C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 　析:C。由语境逻辑可知，该空表示“现在正在被修理”，应填现在进行时被动语态动词形式is being repaired。

　(3)Although the causes of cancer ____， we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. (NMET2006山东) 　 A. are being uncovered B. have been uncovering 　 C. are uncovering D. have uncovered 　析:A。分析语境逻辑不难发现，该空表示“现在正在被揭示”，应填现在进行时被动语态动词形式are being uncovered。

2.考查一般过去时被动语态用法 　考点说明:一般过去时被动语态表示过去经常性､习惯性的被动动作或过去某一时刻发生的被动性动作，由was/were+过去分词构成。 　考点例析: 　(1)The flowers were so lovely that they ____ in no time. 　(NMET2007全国卷I) 　 A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 　析:C。由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“过去被销售”，因此应填一般过去时被动语态动词形式were sold。

　(2)As the years passed， many occasions-birthdays， awards， graduations 　 -____ with Dad’s flowers. (NMET2007湖南) 　 A. are marked B. were marked 　 C. have marked D. had marked 　析:B。分析语境逻辑可知，该空表示“过去被标明”，因此应填一般过去时被动语态动词形式were marked。

　(3)It is said that the early European playing-cards ____ for entertainment and education. (NMET2006辽宁) 　 A. were being designed B. have designed 　 C. have been designed D. were designed 　析:D。early暗示该空表示“过去被设计”，应填一般过去时被动语态动词形式were designed。

2. In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals, ranking third of all the competing countries.在悉尼奥运会上，中国队共获28枚金牌，在所有的参赛国中金牌总数名列第三。 　句中的rank意为“保持某地位或职业(hold a certain grade or position)”。例如： 　He ranks high as an author. 作为一个作家，他的身份很高。

　Canada ranks fourth among the trading nations of the world. 在世界贸易国家中，加拿大名列第四。

此外句中的ranking third of all the competing countries是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示意料中的、顺理成章的结果，常置于句尾。例如： 　The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.小孩摔了一跤，头撞在门上碰破了。

She was so angry that she threw her new doll on the floor, breaking it into pieces. 　European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. 　现在分词做结果状语强调事物发展的(必然)结果，而动词不定式则强调事先未预料(或出乎意料)的结果。

They lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 他们搬起石头砸了他们自己的脚。

I went to see him only to find him out.我去看他，不料他出去了。

[语法讲解]

一､考查各种时态被动语态用法 　1.考查一般现在时被动语态用法 　考点说明:一般现在时被动语态表示现在经常性､习惯性的被动动作，由is/am/are+过去分词构成。

　考点例析: 　Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea， which ____ the Pacific， and we met no storms. (NMET2005辽宁) 　 A. was called B. is called 　 C. had been called D. has been called 　析:B。该空表示“通常被叫做”，应用一般现在时被动语态的动词形式is called。

4. in preparation for为……作准备 　They’ve sold their house and car in preparation for leaving the country. 他们卖掉了房子和汽车准备出国。 　She had been employed in preparations for the press conference all morning. 整个上午她一直忙于为这次记者招待会做准备工作。 　be in preparation for 的同义短语为make preparations for，例如： 　We made preparations for the trip.我们为旅行作准备。 　[拓展] prepare for准备prepare sb. sth. 给某人准备某物 prepare to do sth.准备做某事be prepared for 为……做好准备 make preparations for为……做准备 　三、句式解析 　1. Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games.每四年，来自世界各地的运动员参加奥林匹克运动会。 　every可与表示数量的词连用，表示时间或空间的间隔。其几个主要结构如下： 　(1) every + 基数词 + 复数名词 　The American people elect a president every four years.美国人民每四年选举一任总统。

Take the medicine every six hours. 每隔6小时吃一次药。 　(2) every + 序数词 + 单数名词 　He comes to see his uncle every third week. 他每三个星期来看望他叔叔一次。

(3) every + other + 单数名词，“每隔一……” 　The doctor comes to see my mother every other day.医生每隔一天来看我妈妈一次。

We have English lessons every other day; that is on Monday，Wednesday and Friday.我们隔一天上一次英语课，就是在星期一，星期三和星期五。 　[注意] every后可接 few，但不能接 a few，因 every一词已包含了a之意，另外every后也不能接some，several，many等词。every后接序数词时，则修饰单数可数名词。例如： 　Trees should be planted every few metres.树应间隔几米种一棵。 　They looked up and gave a smile to each other every few minutes. 每隔几分钟他们抬起头相互笑笑。